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Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertensive urgency vs. emergency

A 
Urgency = NO end organ damage
Emergency = End organ damage (MSC, papilledema, kidney failure, CP, CHF, hemolytic anemia)

> 200/110

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2
Q

First line drug for Stage I HTN (Even tho this is JNC 7)

A

Thiazides

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3
Q

Wide pulse pressure

A

Aortic regurgitation

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4
Q

BP lower in LEs than UEs

A

Coarctation of the aorta

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5
Q

Causes of renal a. stenosis in younger women and older men

A

fibromuscular dysplagia and atherosclerosis respectively

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6
Q

Renal causes of 2ndary HTN

A

Renal a. stenosis, glomerular disease, POLYCYSTIC KIDNEYS

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7
Q

Endocrine causes of 2ndary HTN

A

Cushing/Conn syndromes (will have hypokalemia and increased aldosterone), Pheochromocytoma

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8
Q

Cause of isolated systolic HTN

A

Hypothyroid

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9
Q

4 drugs known for inducing HTN

A

OCPs, steroids, phenylephrine, NSAIDs

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10
Q

Tx for hypertensive emergency

A

IV drip of nitroglycerin or nitroprusside

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11
Q

Guidelines for lowering BP during hypertensive crisis

A

NO MORE than 1/4 of BP within the first HOUR, or else they might stroke out

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12
Q

Age risk factors for CAD

A

Women over 55 and men over 45

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13
Q

Lipid risk factor for CAD

A

HDL < 40

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14
Q

4 first line HTN drugs for CHF

A

ACEi, ARB, BB, K-sparing diuretic

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15
Q

Good HTN drug for pt with osteoporosis

A

Thiazide (decrease Ca++ excretion)

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16
Q

Use for dihydropyridine calcium

A

Prinzmetals

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17
Q

When to avoid dihydropyridine

A

Ischemia

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18
Q

Drugs you must add on when using minoxidil

A

BB (prevents reflex tachycardia)

Diuretic (counteracts edema from aggressive vasodilation)

19
Q

AE of minoxidil

A

Hair growth

20
Q

When would you use Clonidine for HTN?

A

Renal failure and withdrawal pts

21
Q

3 contraindications for ACEi

A
  1. Renal artery stenosis
  2. Cr > 1.5
  3. Pregnancy
22
Q

Contraindication for K-sparing diuretic

A

Cr > 1.5

23
Q

Contraindications for diuretics

A

Gout (inc. hyperuricemia)

24
Q

Dosing of nitroglycerin for angina

A

q3-5 max 3 times…if it doesn’t relieve the pain it’s probably not angina

25
Q

Tx for prevention of chronic angina

A

Isordil, BB, ASA, correct lipids

26
Q

% restenosis for PTCA

A

50%

27
Q

Best drug to give post-PCTA to prevent restenosis

A

GPIIbIIIa antagonist

28
Q

Do diabetics do better w/ PCTA or CABG?

A

CABG

29
Q

Goal LDL for low risk (< 2 factors)

A

< 160

30
Q

Goal LDL for intermediate risk (>2 but no DM)

A

< 130

31
Q

Goal LDL for high risk w/o CAD/PVD

A

<70 for those with PVD, CAD, DM, metabolic syndrome)

32
Q

Fenofibrate MOA

A

lower TGs, increase HDL

33
Q

2 things worsened by niacin

A

Gout and DMs

34
Q

MOA of Ezetimbe

A

Inhibits cholesterol absorption

35
Q

MOA Gemfibrozil

A

Inhibits VLDL, reduces TGs (used for isolated hypertriglyceridemia)

36
Q

When would you hear an S3 murmur or see acute pulmonary edema?

A

High risk angina

37
Q

When does CK-MB normalize?

A

72 hours

38
Q

When does troponin normalize?

A

1 week

39
Q

Tx for STEMI

A
  1. tPA+heparin or streptokinase in FIRST SIX HOURS.
  2. MONA tx
  3. PTCA or CABG may follow.
  4. Heparin 48 hours post MI
  5. Post MI keep LDL below 100 + ACE
40
Q

Normal PR interval

A

<0.2 or 5 boxes

41
Q

Normal Q wave

A

<0.04 or 1 box

42
Q

Normal QRS

A

<0.12 or 3 boxes

43
Q

3 features of LBBB on EKG

A
  1. Wide QRS
  2. Notching of QRS in V5/6
  3. Diffuse ST elevations
44
Q

3 features of RBBB on EKG

A
  1. Wide QRS
  2. Notching in V1/V
  3. Slurry S wave

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