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Pediatric Cards > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

What sx might someone have if they have a cardiac dysfunction

A 
slow eating 
sweats with feed 
poor growth exercise intolerance 
cyanosis
tachypnea at rest
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2
Q

what is the closure of mitral and tricupid valve

A

S1

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3
Q

what is the closure of the pulmonic and aortic valce

A

S2

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4
Q

Is S1 systolic or diastolic

A

systole

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5
Q

is S2 systolic or diastolic

A

diastolic

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6
Q

what is rapid ventricular filling that is sometimes normal in athletes

A

S3

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7
Q

What does a systolic murmur sound like

A

Crescendo-decresendo

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8
Q

What murmors are systolic ejection murmurs

A

AS, PS, Atrial septal defect, coaraction of the aorta

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9
Q

What murmors are holosystolic

A

ventricular septal defect, MR, TR

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10
Q

What murmur is late systolic

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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11
Q

What murmurs are continuous

A

Patent ductus arteriousis, arteriovenous malformation, coarctation of aorta

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12
Q

What continuous murmur is the most common

A

Patent ductus arteriosis

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13
Q

Name the murmur:
Grade I-III
LLSB to apex
Louder when lying down

A

Still/vibritory

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14
Q

What murmur has a vibratory musical quality

A

Still/vibratory

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15
Q

Name the murmur:
Continuous
Infraclavicular area
Louder when upright

A

Venous hum

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16
Q

What murmur changes with turning of the head or jugular compression

A

Venous hum

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17
Q

Name the murmur:
Harsh, short
LUSB/RUSB
Newborn - 6 months

A

Peripherial pulmonic stenosis

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18
Q

What murmur is due to peripheral narrowing of distal pulmonic arteries

A

Peripherial pulmonic stenosis

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19
Q

When does peripherial pulmonic stenosis normally resolve by

A

6-12 months

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20
Q 
Name that murmur:
SEM
LUSB
Does not radiate 
Softer when upright
A

Adolescent ejection murmur

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21
Q

Name the murmur :
Heard over the neck
May be heard throughout childhood

A

Carotid bruit

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22
Q

What is the carotid bruits due to

A

Due to increased turbulence in carotids

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23
Q

What will increase murmurs:

A

Hyperdynamic states :

Fever, anemia, anxiety, exercise

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24
Q

What are the 3 physiological groups of congenital heart disease

A

left to right
Right to left
Obstructive, stenotic lesions

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25
Q

What murmurs are heard with Trisomy 13, 18, and 21

A

ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus

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26
Q

What murmur can come with trisomy 21

A

EC cushion defect

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27
Q

What murmur can come with Turners

A

Coarctation of aorta, aortic stenosis

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28
Q

What murmur can be heard with Marfarn (3)

A

Dilated aorta, aortic regurgitation, MVP

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29
Q

What murmurs are associated with fetal alcohol

A

Ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect

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30
Q

Which type of shunt will the patient be cyanosis

A

Right to left

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31
Q

What are the 3 stenotic murmurs

A

AS, PS, coarctation of the aorta

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32
Q

What are the 3 R-L shunts

A

Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of the Great Arteries
Tricuspid Atresia

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33
Q

What are the 3 L-R shunts

A

PDA
Ventricular septal defect
Atrial septal defect

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34
Q

What are the 3 mixed murmurs

A

Truncus arteriousis
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

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35
Q

Acyanotic vs cyanotic :

Ventricular septal defect

A

Acyanotic

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36
Q

Acyanotic vs cyanotic :

Atrial septal defect

A

Acyanotic

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37
Q

Acyanotic vs cyanotic :

Patent ductus arteriosis

A

Acyanotic

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38
Q

Acyanotic vs cyanotic :

EC cushion defect

A

Acyanotic

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39
Q

Acyanotic vs cyanotic :

Pulmonary stenosis

A

Acyanotic

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40
Q

Acyanotic vs cyanotic :

Aortic stenosis

A

Acyanotic

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41
Q

Acyanotic vs cyanotic :

Coarctation of the aorta

A

Acyanotic

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42
Q

Acyanotic vs cyanotic :

Terology of Fallot

A

Cyanotic

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43
Q

Acyanotic vs cyanotic :

Transposition of great arteries

A

Cyanotic

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44
Q

Acyanotic vs cyanotic :

Tricuspid atresia

A

Cyanotic

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45
Q

Acyanotic vs cyanotic :

Truncus arteriousis

A

Cyanotic

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46
Q

Acyanotic vs cyanotic :

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return

A

Cyanotic

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47
Q

Acyanotic vs cyanotic :

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

A

Cyanotic

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48
Q

Name the 7 acyanotic cardiac defects

A 
VSD
ASD
PDA
EC cushion defect
Pulmonary stenosis 
Aortic stenosis
Coarctation of the aorta
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49
Q

What is the most common congenital heart defect

A

Ventricular septal defect

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50
Q

Where is the most common location of VSD

A

Perimembranous

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51
Q

What are the 4 portions of the ventricular septum

A

Muscular septum
Endocardial cushion
Supracristal septum
Membranous septum

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52
Q

What is a common sx of a large VSD

A

Heart failure

53
Q

Holosystolic murmur heard best at the LLSB

A

VSD

54
Q

What might be on CXR of VSD

A

Cardiomegaly

Enlarged pulmonary artery and pulmonary blood flow

55
Q

What is the treatment of VSD

A

Most close spontaneously
Diuretics
Surgical repair

56
Q

What is the most common ASD

A

Secundum ASD hole near the foramen ovals

57
Q

Fixed split S2

LLSB

A

Atrial septal defect

58
Q

What is the treatment of ASD

A

Most close spontaneously

May close by catheter

59
Q

How long should you wait to close an ASD

A

Recommend closure if significant shunt persist to age 3

60
Q

What are some common sx of ASD

A

Most are asymptotic

61
Q

What murmur allows blood flow from the aorta to the pulmonary artery

A

PDA

62
Q

How quickly after birth should the PDA close

A

Within 48 hours

63
Q

Widened pulse pressure with a continuous machine like murmur that is mid-systolic at the apex

A

PDA

64
Q

What is the treatment of PDA if the pt has sx of heart failure

A

Diuretics

65
Q

What is the treatment of PDA if the pt is preterm

A

Indomethacin

66
Q

What murmur can lead to endocarditis

A

PDA

67
Q

What murmur does the septum fail to fuse with the endocartial cushion

A

Endocardial cushion defect

68
Q

If a patient has congestive heart failure within the first 6-8 weeks of life what should you think

A

Endocardial cushion defect

69
Q

What murmur should you be thinking if a patient comes to you with poor growth and has Down syndrome

A

Endocardial cushion defect

70
Q

What murmur is systolic and heard best at the LUSB

A

Pulmonary stenosis

71
Q

What murmur is heard best at the RUSB and is a crescendo decresendo

A

Aortic stenosis

72
Q

What is the treatment of AS or PS

A

Balloon with valvuloplasty or surgical repair

73
Q

What murmur will you hear if the area near the ductus arteriousis fails to develop

A

Coarctation of the aorta

74
Q

What sx might you see with coarctation of aorta in neonates

A

Poor feeding, respiratory distress, shock by 2

75
Q

What sx might older kids have if they have coarctation of the aorta

A

Most are asx

Leg discomfort with exercise, HA, epistaxis

76
Q

What murmur should you be thinking
Weak and delayed femoral pulses
Lower BP in the LE
High pitched that radiates to the L infrascapular area

A

Coarctation of the aorta

77
Q

What should you think if you see rib notching on an CXR

A

Coarctation of the aorta

78
Q

What is the treatment of coarctation of the aorta in infants

A

Prostaglandin E1 - helps to keep ductus arteriosis open

79
Q

What is the treatment of coarctation of the aorta in older patients

A 
Balloon angioplasty (critically ill) 
Surgical repair is most common
80
Q

What are the 5 cyanotic cardiac defects

A 
Tetralogy of fallot 
Transposition of great arteries 
Truncus arteriousis 
Tricuspid atresia 
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
81
Q

What is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

82
Q

What are the 4 structural defects of tetralogy of fallot

A

Ventricular septal defect
Pulmonary stenosis
Overriding aorta
RVH

83
Q

Right ventrular impulse at LSB

Restless, agitated, fetal position

A

Tetralogy of fallot

84
Q

What should you be thinking with a boot shaped heart

A

Tetralogy of fallot

85
Q

What is the treatment of tetralogy of fallot

A

PGE1 immediately to keep ductus arteriosus open

86
Q

What is abnormal septation of truncus arteriosus

A

Transposition of great arteries

87
Q

What should you think with immediate cyanosis at birth

A

Transposition of great arteries

88
Q

If there is failure of the tricuspid valve to develop what is it

A

Tricuspid atresia

89
Q

What is it with failure of septation of truncus

A

Truncus arteriousis

90
Q

What murmur is heard when the aorta and pulmonary arteries arise as one

A

Truncus arteriosis

91
Q

What is it when the pulmonary veins fail to connect to left atrium and return to the right heart

A

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return

92
Q

What is it when there is failure of development of mitral or aortic valve or the aortic arch and small left ventricle unable to support normal systemic circulation

A

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

93
Q

Machinery

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

94
Q

Musical/vibratory

A

Stilll

95
Q

Louder supine

A

Still

96
Q

Louder standing

A

Venous hum

97
Q

Continuous

A

Patent ductus arteriosus, venous hum

98
Q

Holosystolic

A

Ventricular septal defect

99
Q

Radiates to the axilla

A

PPS

100
Q

High pitched and radiates to back

A

Coarctation of aorta

101
Q

Fixed split S2

A

Atrial septal defect

102
Q

What is vasculitis of unknown etiology

A

Kawasaki disease

103
Q

What type of arteries are involved with Kawasaki disease

A

Small to medium sized

104
Q

When does Kawasaki disease peak at what age

A

2-3

105
Q

What are the 3 stages of kawaski disease

A

Acute, subacute, and convalsscent

106
Q

What is the acute phase of Kawasaki

A 
Sudden high fever, 
Conjunctival erythema
Dry cracked lips 
Strawberry tongue 
Cervical LAD
107
Q

What is the subacute phase of Kawasaki disease

A

Up to 4 weeks
Gradual resolution of fever
Coronary artery aneurysm

108
Q

What is the convalescent phase of Kawasaki disease

A

Up to 6-8 weeks until ESR returns to normal

109
Q

When is a patient with Kawasaki disease at high risk of mortality and morbidity

A

Subacute with the cornary artery aneurysms

110
Q

What is the trend of platelets in kawaski disease

A

Low/normal acutely

High during subacute

111
Q

When do you monitor for cornary artery aneruysm with echo

A

2-3 weeks and

6-8 weeks

112
Q

What is the treatment of kawaski disease

A

IVIG-there will be rapid improvement

Aspirin

113
Q

What treatment reduces the risk of cornary artery aneurysm

A

IVIG

114
Q

Holosystolc murmur at LLSB and most common

A

VSD

115
Q

Fixed split S2

A

ASD

116
Q

Continuous machine like in the left infraclavicular to the back

A

PDA

117
Q

Treatment is with indomethacin and ibuprofen if preterm

A

PDA

118
Q

Weak femoral pulses on exam

A

Coarctation of aorta

119
Q

Decreased BP in LE

Increased BP in UE

A

Coarctation of the aorta

120
Q

Murmur high pitched to back, treat with prostaglandin E1

A

Coarctation of aorta

121
Q

Age 3-6
LLSB
Louder when lying down

A

Stills

122
Q

Continuous, louder when upright

A

Venous hum

123
Q

0-6 months, LUSB/RUSB, axilla, and back

A

Peripherial pulmonic stenosis

124
Q

Age 8-14, LUSB, no radiation

A

Adolescent ejection

125
Q

Throughout, 1-3 carotid artery

A

Carotid bruit

126
Q

Restless, agitated, draws up legs, increasing cyanosis

A

Tetralogy of fallot

127
Q

VSD, PS, overriding aorta, RVH

A

Tetralogy of fallot

128
Q

Boot shaped heart

A

Tetralogy of fallot

129
Q

What murmur do you give PGE1 at birth if severe

A

Tetralogy of fallot

Pediatric Cards (10 decks)

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