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Rosh/ITE > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

left anterior wall aneurysm (post MI) on EKG

A

QS waves with persistent ST elevation in leads V2–V4

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2
Q

Thoracentesis diagnosis of empyema

A

aspiration of grossly purulent material or one of the following:

  • positive Gram stain or culture
  • pleural glucose less than 60 mg/dL
  • pH less than 7.2
  • LDH greater than 1,000 IU/L
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3
Q

When to give thrombolytics in STEMI

A

If PCI >120 minutes for transfer from first medical contact (90 minutes if no transfer)

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4
Q

Posterior wall MI on EKG

A
  • ST- depressions in V1, V2, and V3

- Can see tall, broad R waves in V2-V3 and a dominant R wave in V2 (R/S ratio > 1)

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5
Q

Most common cause of ventricular arrhythmias

A

Ischemic heart disease

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6
Q

What dysrhythmia can be triggered by PVCs

A

V-tach

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7
Q

Sick Sinus SYndrome

A

Tachy-brady
Due to disease of SA node
Worse with increased vagal tone
Usually require pacemaker

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8
Q

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy on EKG

A

Epsilon wave: a positive electrocardiographic deflection after the QRS segment in leads V1–V3
Fibrofatty infiltration of ventricles
Syncope or sudden cardiac arrest

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9
Q

Cause and treatment of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

A

Fibrofatty replacement of right ventricular muscle

Beta-blockers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator device

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10
Q

Brugada cause and EKG findings

A

Sodium channelopathy that presents with syncope
RBBB with ST segment elevation followed by a downsloping inverted T wave in leads V1 and V2
ICD

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11
Q

Wolff-Parkinson-White on EKG

A

Short PR interval followed by a slurred QR segment (delta wave)
Accessory conduction pathway, bypasses AV node

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12
Q

Differentiate between the orthodromic and antidromic WPW

A

Orthodromic: regular narrow complex tachydysrhythmia
Antidromic: regular wide complex tachydysrhythmia

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13
Q

EKG changes in order in hyperkalemia

A

Starts at 5.5-6.5
Peaked T waves, p wave wide and flat, PR interval prolongation, p wave disappears
At 7-9
QRS prolongation, escape beats, AV block, eventual sine wave morphology

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14
Q

Treatment for chest pain after cocaine use

A

ASA, benzos, trops

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15
Q

EKG changes in hypercalcemia

A

Short QT interval

Will causes decreased reflexes

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16
Q

First step to evaluate a patient with LVAD

A

Auscultate precordium - whirr

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17
Q

Most anterior part of heart

A

Right ventricle

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18
Q

MAT vs wandering pacemaker

A

Both has 3+ atrial morphologies
Wandering PM: 60-100 bpm
MAT: 100-180 bpm

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19
Q

Blunt cardiac trauma clearance

A

Normal EKG and trops

20
Q

Location of venous cutdown of great saphenous vein

A

Anterior and superior to medial malleolus

21
Q

RVH on EKG

A

RAD
Dominant r wave in V1
Dominant S wave in V5/6

22
Q

Umbilical cath

A

2 arteries, 1 vein
Cannulating vein is easier
Vein is thin walled

23
Q

Shock index

A

HR/SBP
>.7 indicates shock
Normal is 0.5-0.7

24
Q

Spontaneous carotid artery dissection

A

Caused by innocuous movements
HA, neck pain, pulsatile tinnitus, retinal ischemia
Horner Syndrome
Thrombolytic therapy

25
Q

Prolonged QT syndrome

A

> 460, notched T waves or T wave alternates on EKG
Leads to ventricular tachys
Presents with syncope
K ion channel mutations

26
Q

Most common cause of tricuspid valve stenosis

A

Rheumatic heart disease

27
Q

Post MI ventricular aneurysm

A

Persistent ST elevation with no signs of ACS, usually in precordial leads
Q or QS waves

28
Q

MAP goal in neurogenic shock

A

85

29
Q

Takayasu arteritis

A

Large vessel (aortic arch and carotids)

30
Q

Most specific finding for acute decompensated heart failure

A

S3

31
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy on EKG

A

Large amplitude QRS
Dagger Q inferior and/or lateral
Tall R in V1-V2
Give BB or CCB

32
Q

1st line for stable v-tach

A

Procanimide

33
Q

Treat acute chest syndrome in SCA

A

Exchange transfusion

34
Q

Calculate MAP

A

MAP = DBP + 1/3(SBP-DBP)

35
Q

Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia most often caused by

A

Digoxin toxicity

36
Q

Poor prognostic indicators in CHF

A

HypoNa, bad kidneys, low albumin, elevated LFTS

37
Q

Medication do and don’t in aortic stenosis

A

Do: ACE-I

Don’t: BB and CCB

38
Q

Pericardial knock indiciates

A

Restrictive pericarditis

39
Q

RCA supplies what

A

RV free wall, SA nodes, papillary muscles

2, 3, avf

40
Q

CV collapse during labor

A

Mitral stenosis - high output leading to LA enlargement -> afib and arrhythmia

41
Q

Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome

A

Paroxysmal tachycardia

PR < .12 and normal QRS

42
Q

Renal artery stenosis

A

Increased AT2 and aldosterone -> increased Na and Bicarb resorption, K and H lost in urine
Hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis

43
Q

High output heart failure

A

Causes: sepsis, hyperthyroid, beriberi, AV fistula
Decreased SVR, increased CO and venous congestion
Sx: HF but w/ warm, well perfumed extremities, water hammer pulse, hyperdynamic precordium

44
Q

Treat hypotension, bradycardia in heart transplant patient

A

Dopamine or dobutamine

45
Q

HOCM

A

Holosystolic

Decreased with increased cardiac load: squatting/Trendelenburg

Rosh/ITE (16 decks)

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