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BMEN 309 Midterm II > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Thick walled vessels, capable of withstanding high pressures. Carry blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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2
Q

Carry blood to the heart

A

Veins

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3
Q

Arterial blood is oxygenated in ____ circuit, and deoxygenated in ______ circuit

A

circulatory, pulmonary

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4
Q

Blood flows from _____ to _____ pressure systems

A

high to low

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5
Q

Blood flow is regulated by what type of muscle

A

smooth muscle

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6
Q

Permit exchange between arterial and venous systems

A

Capillaries

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7
Q

Healthy blood pressure

A

120/80 mmHg

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8
Q

Heart is ejecting blood

A

Systolic pressure

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9
Q

Heart is filling

A

Diastolic Pressure

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10
Q

Blood pressures are very ____ in the venous system

A

small

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11
Q

Venous system has the greatest capacity for holding blood because it

A

moves slowly

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12
Q

Filtration of tissues results from movement of fluid driven by two competing pressures

A

Hydrostatic and Oncotic pressure

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13
Q

Pressure exerted by blood on vessel walls. Within arteries and veins.

A

Hydrostatic pressure

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14
Q

Pressure driven by protein concentration. Outside capillary

A

Oncotic pressure

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15
Q

Smooth muscle around capillary networks. Regulate blood flow in relation to CO2

A

Precapillary sphincters

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16
Q

What do precapillary sphincters do when there is high CO2

A

open to allow blood flow

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17
Q

What do precapillary sphincters do when there is low CO2

A

close to divert blood flow

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18
Q

How much is the total capillary volume

A

20 L

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19
Q

How many litres of blood do humans have?

A

4-5 L

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20
Q

Thinner vessels lined by a single layer of smooth muscle

A

Arterioles/Metarterioles

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21
Q

Very thin vessel walls with no smooth muscle

A

Capillaries

22
Q

Arteries are innervated by the

A

Sympathetic nervous system

23
Q

Contraction of smooth muscle causing causing a reduction in arterial diameter

A

Vasoconstruction

24
Q

Which artery vascularizes the brain and sense organs within the head

A

Internal carotid artery

25
Q

Joining of vessels

A

Anastomosis

26
Q

Which arteries branch from the internal carotid

A

Anterior and middle cerebral arteries

27
Q

Provides redundancy of cerebral circulatory, protecting against ischemia

A

Circle of Willis

28
Q

stroke due to thrombus

A

ischemia

29
Q

Which artery has the highest occurrence of isochemic stroke

A

Middle cerebral artery

30
Q

Which artery vascularizes most of the bony tissue and muscles of the head

A

External carotid artery

31
Q

At the separation of the external with the internal carotid artery is the

A

Carotid sinus and carotic body

32
Q

Expansion at the base of the internal carotid artery. Contains baroreceptors that monitor changes in arterial pressure.

A

Carotid sinus

33
Q

Within carotid sinus. Contains chemoreceptors that monitor changes in O2 and CO2

A

Carotid body

34
Q

The venous system has much _____ hydrostatic pressure and _____ vessel diameter than the arterial system

A

lower, greater

35
Q

Prevent backflow of blood

A

Valves

36
Q

Venous system has much ______ variation than the arterial system

A

higher

37
Q

Confluence of veins connected by capillary beds. Allow for processing of nutrients and the detoxification of blood

A

Portal systems

38
Q

Diverts blood from gastrointestinal organs to the liver

A

Hepatic portal systems

39
Q

How much blood to the liver is from the hepatic portal system

A

75%

40
Q

High blood pressure of the portal vein. Blood flows back to the venae cavae when this pressure is too high.

A

Portal Hypertension

41
Q

Collects surplus tissue fluid and drains tissue fluid.

Includes spleen, bone marrow, thymus, nodes, and vessels.

Absorption and transport of fatty acids

Defence mechanism for body to transport antibodies and lymphocytes to fight pathogens.

A

Lymphatic system

42
Q

T-cells (thymus), B-cells (bone marrow), and NK cells (natural killer cells)

A

Lymphocytes

43
Q

Lymph nodes, thymus, spleen

A

Lymphoid organs

44
Q

Defense mechanism that does not distinguish between pathogens

Fever, skin, phagocytes, inflammation

A

Non-specific defense mechanism

45
Q

Defense mechanism that depends on activities of lymphocytes

A

Specific defense mechanism

46
Q

Posterior to sternum

Important role in growth and development of the immune system

Continues to grow until puberty

Gradually replaced by fat after puberty

Continues to produce T-lymphocytes in adulthood

A

Thymus

47
Q

Largest of lymphatic organs

Located in upper left quadrant

Protected by ribs 9-11

Large splenic artery due to large blood volume

A

Spleen

48
Q

Blood is monitored by ___ for any pathogens

A

T-cells

49
Q

______ swallow and digest debris in the blood

A

Macrophages

50
Q

What artery is most at jeopardy for a blow to the side of the head at the location of the pterion

A

Middle meningeal

51
Q

What part of the circulatory system has the greatest combined cross-sectional area?

A

Capillaries

BMEN 309 Midterm II (5 decks)

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