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Interpreter Anatomy > Cardiovascular & Respiratory > Flashcards

Cardiovascular & Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Aorta

A

Body’s main artery. Receives oxygenated blood via left ventricle.

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2
Q

Superior vena cava

A

Conveys deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the heart.

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3
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Conveys deoxygenated blood from the veins in the lower body to the heart.

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4
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Conveys deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs (exits right ventricle)

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5
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

Caries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart (left atrium)

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6
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Right atrium to right ventricle

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7
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Right ventricle to pulmonary artery

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8
Q

Mitral valve

A

Left atrium to left ventricle

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9
Q

Aortic valve

A

Left ventricle to aorta

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10
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Heart attack.

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11
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Two arteries branching off the aorta carrying oxygenated blood to the heart

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12
Q

Sequence of events leading to heart attack

A
  1. Fatty deposits – plaque – build up in the inner lining of the coronary artery (atherosclerosis). 2. Plaque narrows artery. 3. Abnormal clotting leads to blockage. 4. Blood flow decreases. 5. Heart muscles (myocardium) die (necrosis). 6. Heart attack
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13
Q

Stent Graft Placement

A

Treatment for blocked coronary artery. A) Stent is positioned at the site of the lesion. B) Balloon inflated, expanding the stent and compressing the plaque. C) Balloon is withdrawn and stent supports the artery. Often contains a drug to reduce the risk of repeat. Stents usually stainless steel.

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14
Q

Aneurysm and treatment

A

Local swelling in a weakened arterial wall. May be due to disease or injury, or congenital. Risk of rupture. Treated by stent.

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15
Q

Anemia

A

Deficiency characterized by lower than normal red blood cell count. Caused by lack of iron in diet or blood loss. Signs and symptoms include pale skin, weakness, fatigue.

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16
Q

Heart attack

A

Occurs when blood does not reach part of the heart, damaging that part of the heart. Usually caused by a clot in one of the heart arteries. Chest pain may be similar to angina, but more severe and not necessarily brought on by exertion or relieved by rest. Victim may sweat, feel weak, lose consciousness. If attack leads to complete heart stoppage, or cardiac arrest, death usually follows.

17
Q

Heart failure

A

Inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the needs of the lungs and body tissues. Symptoms include coughing, fatigue, edema (fluid in tissues), and breathlessness.

18
Q

Stroke

A

Sudden shutting off of blood supply to part of the brain. Often leads to paralysis, numbness, loss of speech. “Cerebral vascular accident”

19
Q

Arrhythmias

A

Abnormal heart rhythms. Normal 60-100, arrhythmias cover slow and fast. Types: Beating at irregular intervals, caused by an electrical problem. Flutter–rapid but regular. Fibrillation–rapid, random, irregular contractions (above 350 bpm). CPR (cardio pulmonary resuscitation).

20
Q

Vein disorders

A

Varicose veins (in the anus they are hemorrhoids). Deep vein thrombosis.

21
Q

Cardiopulmunary “plumbing” problems

A

Block. Leak. Burst.

22
Q

Asthma

A

Chronic allergy causing muscles in the breathing tubes to contract and narrow. Causes trouble breathing, especially exhaling.

23
Q

Diaphragm

A

Dome shaped muscle separates chest and abdominal cavities, and is the main muscle for breathing

24
Q

Bronchitis

A

infection of the inside lining of the bronchi (wind pipes in the lungs) caused by spreading of nose and throat cold. Main symptom is deep cough bringing up yellowish and gray fluid from the chest.

25
Q

Emphysema

A

Disease occurring when alveoli become damaged, often caused by smoking

26
Q

Pneumonia

A

General term for many lung infections caused by different germs. Small air sacs in the lungs fill with fluid and mucous as body fights infection. Signs include shortness of breath, sweating, chest pains, blood in the mucous.

27
Q

TB

A

Bacterial infection of the lungs. Develops slowly, highly contagious. Symptoms include weight loss, mild fever, fatigue, blood/puss in the saliva.

28
Q

Tracheostomy

A

Procedure done by cutting an opening in the trachea and inserting a tube allowing air to enter and secretions to exit. Opening is called a stoma.

29
Q

Nasal passage

A

Warms, filters, and moistens air to make it more hospitable for the lungs and rest of the respiratory system

30
Q

Epiglottis

A

The valve that controls entry to the esophagus and trachea

31
Q

Larynx

A

Vocal cords. Just below epiglottis.

32
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

Lighten the weight of the skull

33
Q

Pleural membrane

A

Closed membrane around the lungs, lubricated to allow the lungs to slide up and down

Interpreter Anatomy (1 decks)

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