Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Flashcards
Name four risk factors for atherosclerosis?
Smoking
High BP
Diabetes
High cholesterol
Once smooth auger damaged cho,extrasolar an get in
Macrophages consume lol can become foam cells embedded in wall
Accumulation seen. Y presence of fatty streaks
As they grow artery surrounds them in capsule called plaque
Body tried to reserve blood flow and artery stretches in the elastic layer to tryband open artery. If it becomes too big then artery can’t stretch anymore and physical symptoms occurs such as chest pain overtime calcium may be deposited in plaque making it hard and unable to expand during increased blood flow. The narrowing if the opening and increase in pressure due to this can damage cover of plaque. When it ruptures blot clot firms and can cover whole opening blocking the artery. Strike or heart attack can then occur .x
Yes
What is hypertension? And what causes it?
Hypertension is an elevated BP reading on 3 or more occasions. It occurs when systolic number is above 1490 and diastolic above 90. High blood pressure can be caused by many things such as overweight, genetics, smoking and high salt intake.
If not treated hypertension can lead to stroke, heart attacks, renal diseases and atherosclerosis
What are some symptoms of high blood pressure/hypertension ?
Shortness of breath Headaches Blurry vision Dizziness Other signs can occur in organs such as brain, kidneys and heart
Name 5 ways of treating hypertension and explain briefly how each works
1) Lifestyle changes : healthy eating (9 steps), physical activity ( 30 mins a day of moderate intensity most days of week ), healthy weight, smoking cessation
2) ACE inhibitors : reduce amount of angiotensin II produced.
3) Beta Blockers: inhibit angiotensin II production and blocks hormones called adrenaline and non adrenaline
4) Diuretics : pull salt into tubules so water follows and exits body. Decreasing volume so decreasing blood pressure
5) Calcium Channel Blockers: block the calcium movement into muscle cells allowing heart muscle to contract. This means BP is lowered as the force of the pumping action is decreased and muscle cells relax more in walls of arteries.
When assessing and managing cardiovascular risk, what 6 things do nurses need to consider ?
Selecting clients Measuring and recording risk factors Assessing level of risk Talking about intentions Setting goals Monitoring progress
What population groups do nurses need to consider when selecting clients for cardiovascular risk assessments ?
Men over the age of 45
Women over the age of 55
Maori, Pacifc, Indo-Asian men and women 10 years younger than normal
People with risk factors including family history, personal history such as smoking, diabetes or obesity
Name some risk factors when thinking about cardiovascular risk assessment?
Age Gender Ethnicity Smoking history Diabetic? How well is it managed? History of heart and stroke in past?
What measurements are taken during a cardiovascular risk assessments ?
Blood Pressure ( average of two ) Waste measurement Lipid (cholesterol) levels BMI Hba1c - blood glucose
How do nurses decide what treatment is the best for patients undergoing cardiovascular risk assessment?
Treatment based on likelihood of cardiovascular event
Determined by risk assessment guideline
The overall aim is to reduce the risk of of cardio event to less than 15%
Name some interventions you could put in place to reduce a person risk of having a cardiovascular event
General lifestyle interventions Healthy eating Physical activity Weight management Smoking cessation Medications - lipid lowering, BP lowering, Aspirin
What is atherosclerosis?
A disease that causes hardening of the arteries due to cholesterol deposits building up in the arteries. This reduces the ease of blood flow through the arteries.
