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BTEC Sport Unit 1 > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pulmonary circuit?

A

circulation of blood through the pulmonary artery to the lungs and pulmonary vein back to the heart

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2
Q

What is the systemic circuit?

A

circulation of blood through the aorta to the body and vena cava back to the heart

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3
Q

What is the cardiovascular system made up of?

A

cardiac muscle (heart), blood vessels and blood

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4
Q

Name the 3 types of blood vessel

A

artery, ,vein, capillary

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5
Q

Describe the path of blood through the heart

A

left side - blood is oxygenated at the lungs, goes to through the pulmonary vein to left atrium, through the AV (bicuspid) valve into the left ventricle, then out of the heart via the aorta which carries oxygenated blood to the muscles and organs.
right side - deoxygenated blood from muscles and organs travels through the vena cava into the right atrium, through the Av valve (tricuspid) into the right ventricle, out of the heart through the pulmonary artery to the lungs.

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6
Q

Name the 4 chambers of the heart

A

left atrium
right atrium
left ventricle
right ventricle

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7
Q

What divides the heart into 2, separating oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

A

septum

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8
Q

Which side of the heart has thicker walls?

A

the left side

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9
Q

Why does the left side of the heart have thicker walls?

A

they need to contract with more force to circulate oxygenated blood through the systemic system (around the whole body)

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10
Q

What are the valves called that lie between the atria and ventricles?

A

Atrio-ventricular valves (AV valves)

  • bicuspid - left side
  • tricuspid - right side
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11
Q

What are the valves called that control blood going from the ventricles out of the heart?

A

Semi-lunar valves

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12
Q

Which blood vessel takes blood away from the left side of the heart?

A

Aorta

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13
Q

Which blood vessel takes blood away from the right side of the heart?

A

pulmonary artery

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14
Q

Which blood vessel takes blood into the left side of the heart?

A

pulmonary vein

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15
Q

Which blood vessel takes blood into the right side of the heart?

A

vena cava

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16
Q

Define the term heart rate

A

the number of times the heart beats in a minute

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17
Q

What is an average resting heart rate?

A

72bpm (approximately)

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18
Q

define the term stroke volume

A

the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per beat

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19
Q

define the term cardiac output

A

the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute

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20
Q

How do you calculate cardiac output?

A

Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume

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21
Q

What is bradycardia?

A

a resting heart rate below 60bpm

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22
Q

How do you calculate maximal heart rate?

A

220 - age

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23
Q

Name the 3 main types of blood vessel

A

arteries, veins, capillaries

24
Q

Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

A

arteries

25
Q

describe the structure of arteries

A

a large layer of smooth muscle and elastic tissue to cushion and smooth the pulsating blood flow.

26
Q

describe the structure and function of capillaries

A

the bring blood slowly into close contact with the muscle and organ cells for gaseous exchange.
their walls are composed of a single layer of cells, thin enough to allow gas, nutrient and waste exchange

27
Q

describe the structure and function of veins and venules

A

they transport deoxygenated blood from the muscles and organs back to the heart.
venules leaving the capillary bed reconnect to form veins.
They have a small layer of smooth muscle allowing them to venodilate and venoconstrict to maintain the slow flow of blood towards the heart
veins have one-way pocket valves which prevent the backflow of blood as it travels against gravity.

28
Q

What is the vascular shunt mechanism?

A

the redistribution of blood to muscles during exercise through vasodilation of vessels going towards muscles and vasoconstriction of vessels going to organs such as the digestive system.

29
Q

Which blood cell creates antibodies to fight infection?

A

White blood cells

30
Q

What is the role of red blood cells?

A

Transport oxygen to the muscles

31
Q

What is the role of white blood cells?

A

Create antibodies to fight infection

32
Q

What is the role of platelets?

A

Form clots to stop bleeding

33
Q

What is the role of plasma?

A

Transport nutrients, hormones and waste products

34
Q

Define the term heart rate

A

The number of times your heart beats in a minute

35
Q

Define the term stroke volume

A

The amount of blood ejected from your heart in one beat

36
Q

Which term is defined at ‘the amount of blood ejected from your heart in one beat’?

A

Stroke volume

37
Q

Are your lungs part of the cardiovascular system?

A

NO

38
Q

Define the term ‘cardiac output’

A

The volume of blood ejected from your heart in one minute

39
Q

Which term is defined as ‘The volume of blood ejected from your heart in one minute’?

A

Cardiac output

40
Q

What happens to your heart rate when you exercise?

A

It increases / gets quicker

41
Q

What happens to your resting heart rate after weeks of training?

A

Your resting heart rate decreases

42
Q

What term means -your heart gets bigger - as a result of training?

A

Cardiac hypertrophy

43
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

The narrowing of blood vessels

44
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

The widening of blood vessels

45
Q

Which term means that blood vessels get wider during exercise to allow more blood to flow through?

A

Vasodilation

46
Q

Which term means that blood vessels get narrower to allow less blood to flow through?

A

Vasoconstriction

47
Q

Which term describes the construction of blood vessels to organs such as the digestive system and dilation of blood vessels to the muscles during exercise?

A

Blood shunting / redistribution of blood / vascular shunt

48
Q

Give another term for blood shunting

A

Vascular shunt / redistribution of blood

49
Q

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

Transport oxygen, nutrients and waste products
Fight infections
Control body temperature

50
Q

What makes up the cardiovascular system?

A

Blood
Blood vessels
Heart

51
Q

Which term means ‘the number of times your heart beats in a minute’

A

Heart rate

52
Q

Which component of blood creates clots to stop bleeding?

A

Platelets

53
Q

Which component of blood transports hormones and nutrients and waste products?

A

Plasma

54
Q

Which blood cell contains haemoglobin?

A

Red blood cells

55
Q

Name the 4 components of blood

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma

BTEC Sport Unit 1 (7 decks)

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