Cardiovascular System During Exercise

Question 1

What are the two main changes in the cardiovascular system during exercise?

Answer 1

Heart rate increases
Body demands more oxygen to be delivered to skeletal muscles

Question 2

How does heart rate change before exercise?

Answer 2

There is an anticipatory rise, the body prepares the body to be physically active and for the increase in oxygen demand

Question 3

How does heart rate change during exercise?

Answer 3

Heart rate matches the demand for oxygen and plateaus

Question 4

How does heart rate change at recovery?

Answer 4

Heart rate remains elevated to ensure the removal of waste products and the repayment of oxygen debt

Question 5

What is an example of submaximal exercise?

Answer 5

Marathon running

Question 6

What is an example of maximal exercise?

Answer 6

200m sprint

Question 7

What is an example of varied exercise?

Answer 7

Football

Question 8

What is heart rate value during moderate exercise?

Answer 8

115BPM

Question 9

What is stroke volume during moderate exercise?

Answer 9

90ml

Question 10

What is cardiac output during moderate exercise?

Answer 10

10 L/Min

Question 11

Give an example of moderate exercise.

Answer 11

Jogging

Question 12

What is the overall effect of moderate exercise on the heart?

Answer 12

A rise in all heart values

Question 13

What is heart rate during high intensity exercise?

Answer 13

135BPM

Question 14

What is stroke volume for an untrained individual during high intensity exercise?

Answer 14

110ml

Question 15

What is stroke volume for a trained athlete during high intensity exercise?

Answer 15

160ml

Question 16

What is cardiac output for an untrained athlete during high intensity exercise?

Answer 16

14.85 L/Min

Question 17

What is cardiac output for a trained athlete during high intensity exercise?

Answer 17

21.6 L/Min

Question 18

What is the overall effect on the heart during high intensity exercise?

Answer 18

A substantial increase in all values

Question 19

How do heart values change during recovery?

Answer 19

Heart values suddenly drop and then reduce gradually

Question 20

What effect does recovery have on stroke volume?

Answer 20

Stroke volume remains elevated to ensure:
- Waste products are removed
- Oxygen debt is repaid

Question 21

What is the vascular shunt mechanism?

Answer 21

Blood is directed away from low priority areas and towards high priority areas

Question 22

What does the vasomotor control centre do?

Answer 22

Regulates blood flow

Question 23

What does the sympathetic nervous system cause?

Answer 23

Arteries to vasoconstrict or vasodilate.

Question 24

Where is the vasomotor centre found?

Answer 24

The medulla oblongata

Question 25

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 25

Arteries narrow to supply less blood to non-essential tissues

Question 26

What is vasodilation?

Answer 26

Arteries widen to supply more blood to working muscles

Question 27

What are arterioles?

Answer 27

Branches of arteries that can constrict or dilate to control blood flow to the capillaries

Question 28

What happens in the capillaries?

Answer 28

Oxygen exchange

Question 29

What are precapillary sphincters?

Answer 29

Smooth muscle between the arteries and capillaries that redirect blood to different muscles if they are closed, to sphincters that are open

Question 30

How does the vascular shunt mechanism change during recovery?

Answer 30

More blood is allowed to the muscles and then blood allowed gradually reduces