caregiver-infant interactions in humans

Question 1

reciprocity

Answer 1

two way process

Question 2

Tronick et al 1979

Answer 2

asked mothers enjoying exchanges with their babies to stop moving and maintain a static unsmiling expression to their faces

Question 3

Tronick et al 1979 findings

Answer 3

babies would try to tempt the mothers into interactions by smiling themselves they would become distressed when the smile did not provoke the usual response
thus babies expect concordant responses

Question 4

interactional synchrony

Answer 4

the timing and pattern of interaction is rhythmic– mirrored process

Question 5

Meltzoff and Moore 1977

Answer 5

controlled observation

infants 2-3weeks old were exposed to an adult who made one of 3 different facial expressions or hand gestures

Question 6

Meltzoff and Moore 1977 procedure

Answer 6

after being exposed to facial expressions
they were prevented from immediate response with a dummy and then removed when filmed
researchers watched videotapes of the infants responses in real time, slow motion and frame by frame
also judged by independent observers

Question 7

Meltzoff and Moore 1977 findings

Answer 7

using behavioural categories each observer scored the tapes twice for inter rater reliability
the found a association between the infant behaviour and the model
all scores were greater than .92 – high validity