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Anatomy Exam 1 > Cartilage and bone tissue > Flashcards

Cartilage and bone tissue Flashcards

1
Q

These form from stress as tendons repeatedly move access a joint

A

Sesamoid bones

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2
Q

What is the biggest sesamoid bone in our bodies

A

patella

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3
Q

What produces chartilage

A

chondroblasts

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4
Q

what helps maintain cartilage matrix

A

mature condrocyte

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5
Q

the 3 functions of cartilage

A
  1. supporting soft tissue
  2. provides a gliding surface at articulation where two bones meet
  3. serve as a model for later bone development
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6
Q

Hyaline cartilage and where it is found

A

model cartilage for later developing bone.
Contributes to structures of respiratory tract, fetal skeleton, growth plates and joints

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7
Q

Fibrocartilage and where it is found

A

flexible and capable of withstanding considerable pressure

Intervertebral disks and pubic symphysis

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8
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found

A

ear

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9
Q

Functions of bones

A

allow us to move
Protect delicate organs
hematopoeisis

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10
Q

What is hematopoeisiss

A

making of blood cells

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11
Q

Where does hematopoeisis occur

A

active red marrow of the sternum, vertebrae, pelvis and proximal ends of bones of thigh and upper arm

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12
Q

What stimulates hematopoeisis

A

erythropoietin

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13
Q

where is the best place to do a sternal bone marrow biopsy

A

posterior portion of the ilium

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14
Q

what is the shaft of a long bone called

A

diaphysis

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15
Q

what is located inside the diaphysis

A

yellow marrow

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16
Q

What are the ends of the long bone called

A

epiphysis

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17
Q

what is located inside the epiphysis

A

red marrow

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18
Q

periosteum

A

covers the outside of bones, generally merges into tendons

19
Q

medulary cavity

A

inside diaphysis of bone, usually contains yellow marrow

20
Q

endosteum

A

lining on inside of bone

21
Q

Nutrient foramen

A

allows passage of blood vessels to keep bone alive

22
Q

allows long bones to increase in length

A

epiphyseal growth plate

23
Q

What stimulates the epiphyseal growth plate and where is it produced

A

Human growth hormone
Pituitary gland

24
Q

When the epiphyseal growth plate ossifies what is it replaced with

A

epiphyseal line

25
Q

what increases bone width

A

pulling stress on the periosteum

26
Q

what produces bone

A

osteoblast

27
Q

what helps maintain bones

A

osteocytes

28
Q

what breaks down bones

A

osteoclasts

29
Q

the spongy bone found between the layers of compact bone in the skull

A

dipole

30
Q

2 layers of bone

A

Compact bone (dense)
Spongy bone (cancellous)

31
Q

intramembranous ossification

A

membranous tissue becomes bone

32
Q

Where does intramembranous ossification occur

A

flat bones of skull
zygomatic bone
maxilla
mandible
collar bone
sesamoid bones

33
Q

endochondral ossification

A

hyaline cartilage becomes bone

34
Q

Stress fracture

A

caused by excessive use on an area

35
Q

Pathologic fractures

A

break occurs in diseased bone

36
Q

closed fracture

A

no break in skin

37
Q

open fractrue

A

break in skin

38
Q

comminuted fracture

A

break into multiple bone fragments

39
Q

Spiral Fracture

A

break spirals down the bone in response to severe twisting

40
Q

greenstick fracture

A

break but not completely
usually only occurs in children due to their bones not being completely ossified

41
Q

depressed skull fracture

A

break in skull

42
Q

displaced fractrue

A

loss of normal anatomy (bone not in right spot after break)

43
Q

non-displaced fracture

A

no loss of normal anatomy

44
Q

clinical signs of osteopenia/osteoporosis

A

bones are more brittle and tend to demineralize resulting in insufficient ossification

Anatomy Exam 1 (5 decks)

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