Case Law/ARS

Question 1

Graham V. Connor

Answer 1

The case law which governs all use of forces. Utilizes a 3 prong test to determine if the use of force was objectively reasonable based on what the officer knew in the moment.

•Severity of the crime
•Wether the suspect poses an immediate threat to law enforcement or the public
•Wether the suspect is actively resisting arrest or resisting arrest by flight

Question 2

The Arizona revised statute that gives police authority to use police K9’s for police work. Exempt from liability when used properly

Answer 2

ARS 11-1025

Question 3

Annual Training Requirements

Answer 3

NPCA (National Police Canine Assoc.) - Obedience, building search, area search, criminal apprehension and temperament testing.
NNDDA- National Narcotic Detector Dog Association

Question 4

Give a K9 briefing

Answer 4

-Establish team (rifle/less lethal/hands)
-Brief SP description
-You will be my lethal cover I will be focused on the dog
-Do not search in front of dog
-If you find SP before me or the dog “he’s not over here”
-I will be the only one to give commands
-Do not chase the suspect
-If dog bites control hands and cuff after dog is off bite

Question 5

Can you search a building with a K9 With no RP?

Answer 5

No, but we can help patrol units clearing by hand

Question 6

Explain difference between Tac surveillance and active observation

Answer 6

Tac Surveillance is air unit and TSB units only no patrol units. Air unit calls it and TSB members wait for suspect to go to ground or utilize spikes/grappler to stop vehicle.

Active observation is air unit and patrol officers/TSB with no supervisor, air unit calls it until SP goes to ground.

Question 7

What is the purpose of a K9

Answer 7

A K9 is an amazing tool because it’s primary purpose is a locating tool but it can be used for criminal apprehensions.

Question 8

3 types of K9 leads and their uses

Answer 8

6’ - Shortest lead used for more control when you can’t bite someone.
15’ - Most common search lead. Good comprise between length and control.
50’ - Used for vehicle deployments to stay behind cover or when it is unsafe to leave cover.

Question 9

What 3 drug types can our K9’s sniff for?

Answer 9

Meth, heroin, cocaine

Question 10

Building search scenario

Answer 10

•Establish perimeter
•RP - Anyone inside building/property and will they prosecute and ok for K9
•What crime do we have?
•Arrest team- Rifle/Less lethal/Hands
•Give K9 briefing
•K9 announcement (Handler/Air)
•Contact suspect (Bite/No Bite)
•Medical treatment and photos of bite
•Advise supervisor
•Document injures in DR/UOF

Question 11

What suspects can a K9 be used to search for?

Answer 11

Felony suspect and can be used to apprehend when public or officer safety is threatened sufficiently enough to justify this level of force

Misdemeanor suspects but K9 will be kept on lead unless Officer safety is threatened.

Question 12

Procedures for deploying K9

Answer 12

If time/circumstance permits a K9 announcement will be made prior to searching with K9.
Commands should be given and should state the K9 will be released if subject does not comply.

Question 13

K9 specific case laws

Answer 13

Illinois v. Caballes- Traffic stop, use of dog for vehicle sniff is not considered a search if the detention is justified.

Florida v. Jardines- Held that using dog to sniff Curtilage on unverified tip of drug presence is a search.

US v. Race - A positive alert from a drug detection trained K9 constitutes PC

Question 14

What is the purpose of a decoy?

Answer 14

To help better the K9/handler team

Question 15

Bite Suit

Answer 15

A thick Kevlar suit worn by a decoy K9 bite work

Question 16

Hidden sleeve

Answer 16

A single arm or leg bite suit worn under decoy clothes to teach the dog to bite humans instead of bite suits

Question 17

Muzzle

Answer 17

Used to bring out the fight in the dog or for friendly deployments

Question 18

Handheld Flir

Answer 18

Shows heat signatures. Used to see in attics, sheds or and hiding spots

Question 19

Attic cam

Answer 19

Camera used to see into places where it would be unsafe for officers to look

Question 20

Throw bot

Answer 20

Small robot used to see into tight spaces instead of sending a dog

Question 21

Shaker bottle

Answer 21

Plastic bottle filled with rocks/washers used in bite training to make sure dog will stay on bite

Question 22

Clatter stick

Answer 22

Bamboo stick frayed at the end that makes noise used in bite training to make sure dog will stay on bite

Question 23

Blind

Answer 23

Inflatable cover that decoy stands behind to make the dog miss or slow down

Question 24

Types of Resistance (6)

Answer 24

-Pshychological Intimidation
-Verbal Non-compliance
-Passive Resistance
-Active resistance
-Active Aggression
-Aggravated active aggression

Question 25

UOF options (9)

Answer 25

-Presence
-Verbal Direction
-Soft empty hand control and restraining devices
-Tripping/Tackling
-PGP
-Irritants
-Conducted Energy Weapon
-Intermiediate Control Techniques
-Deadly Physical Force

Question 26

K9 apprehension is what level UOF

Answer 26

Intermediate Control Technique
-Must satisfy graham v. Connor

Question 27

Why should we pick you?

Answer 27

-Prior to PD (Army/PF)
-Last 5 years in 400 on 3rds
-Ability to stay calm/Decision making
-Have been entrusted as a rifle and pepperball operator.
-Desire to stay busy/gain experience
-Desire to train (VCQB, decoy school)
-Team oriented
-Maturity
-K9 unit liability
-Here to be a handler, regardless of schedule
-Willing to work OT/stand by
-Home life ready for K9
-Closing remark

Question 28

Why do you want to come to K9?

Answer 28

-K9 is the most valuable resource on the dept.
-Effective at locating suspects
-K-9’s apprehension skills
-Wanted to be here since I first saw a team in action
-Training is a big part of this unit
-Huge tactical advantage minimal civil liability
-Rest of my career in this unit
-Want to respond to requests where K9’s abilities can help patrol officers

Question 29

AZ v. Gant

Answer 29

States that an Officer may only search a vehicle incident to arrest if it is reasonable to believe the arrested person could access the vehicle at the time of the arrest. Unless other warrant exceptions exist.

Question 30

Who can authorize an out of city search?

Answer 30

CAR4

Question 31

Who can authorize a K9 be used for crowd control?

Answer 31

TSB Commander/CAR4