Cass Study India

Question 1

What is the political context of India

Answer 1

India is a member of:
United Nations (UN)
BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa)

Question 2

What is the social context of India

Answer 2

-has a population of 1.3 billion
-Six of India’s cities are megacities including New Delhi, Chennai and Kolkhata
-The literacy rate is approximately 77%

Question 3

What is the cultural context of India

Answer 3

-Culturally diverse
-India is regarded as the birthplace of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism
-Many tourist attractions
-Bollywood is now the world’s largest film industry - 1600 films a year

Question 4

What is the environmental context of India

Answer 4

-India is the third largest emitter of carbon dioxide and the fourth largest emitter of methane
-Over 60% of methane emissions are from agriculture
-Air pollution is 4 times the recommended World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines

Question 5

Since 1990 India has increased by …

Answer 5

500%

Question 6

How did India’s economic sectors change

Answer 6

The contribution of economic sectors to GDP has changed from being dominated by agriculture to being dominated by service activities

Question 7

How many times had India’s imports and exports increased since 1990

Answer 7

20 times out of

Question 8

What are the main exports of India

Answer 8

Petroleum products, jewellery, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, machinery, clothes

Question 9

What are the main imports of India

Answer 9

Petroleum, gold/silver, electronic goods, pearls and precious stones

Question 10

Foreign direct investment has … in India

Answer 10

Rapidly increased

Question 11

What has globalisation led to In India

Answer 11

-improved infrastructure
-TNCs

Question 12

How has India’s economy increased

Answer 12

-Since 1991 the government has taken less control over what industries produce - economic liberalisation
-Special Economic Zones have been set up to reduce taxes for TNCs
-India receives Official Development Assistance (ODA) which is multilateral aid
-In 2009 primary education became free
-In 2020 a National Education Policy was launched to improve equality and overall education

Question 13

What is the positive social impact of India’s development

Answer 13

Equality between genders has improved as more women have:
Access to education and increased literacy rates - though still lower than males
Improved family planning and access to contraception
Increased work/career opportunities
Health has improved in all age groups
Average incomes have increased

Question 14

What is the negative social impact of India’s development

Answer 14

Children in rural areas are more likely to work
Migration of younger people leaves older population in rural areas
Investment in rural areas is much lower
Development of illegal settlements around cities
Lack clean water supply
Increased spread of disease
Poor quality housing

Question 15

How is the air pollution caused in India

Answer 15

Increased car ownership - New Delhi has over 10 million vehicles
Fossil fuel power stations - increased burning of fuels due to increased energy demands
Factories - there are between 3-4,000 factories in New Delhi
Burning of stubble
Construction dust
Cooking fuel - over 100 million people rely on biomass for cooking

Question 16

How is the water pollution caused in India

Answer 16

Only 30% of all sewage in India is treated
The Indus and the Ganges are in the ten most polluted rivers in the world
Of the remaining rivers in India 33% are moderately or severely polluted
The use of pesticides in agriculture is common with chemicals, such as DDT, which are banned in many countries, still being used in India
Waste water from industry contains many toxic metals such as mercury, lead and arsenic which are found in both surface and groundwater
Approximately 70% of surface water is unfit for human consumption

Question 17

How is land pollution caused in India

Answer 17

Increasing population leads to more waste
There are more than 3,000 landfills across India
Ghazipur is the largest in Delhi at 65 meters high
An average of 2.01 billion tonnes of waste is generated each year
About 90% of waste goes to landfill