Causation

Question 1

CL actual cause

Answer 1

but for test or substantial factor test

Question 2

CL concurrent sufficient cause:

Answer 2

each act alone was sufficient to cause the result that occurred when it did

Question 3

CL acceleration theory:

Answer 3

both actors may be described as actual cause

Question 4

CL proximate cause

Answer 4

direct cause

Question 5

CL intervening cause

Answer 5

if there was an intervening cause, Ds conduct was not proximate cause

Question 6

CL whether intervening cause supercedes: FACTORS

Answer 6

foreseeability (reasonable standard), contribution, intended consequence, omission factor, apparent safety doctrine, voluntary human intervention

Question 7

MPC cause

Answer 7

but for cause
satisfies other causal requirements imposed by code or law

Question 8

MPC causation approach

Answer 8

1. what was actual result
2. was the actual result the purpose of actor
3. if no, did the actual result involve the same kind of injury or harm as designed?
4. was the actual result too remote?