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Chemistry > CC1+CC2 (States of matter and Separation techniques) > Flashcards

CC1+CC2 (States of matter and Separation techniques) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three states of matter

A

Solid, liquid and gas

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2
Q

What are the arrangement of particles in a gas

A
  • Random

- Far apart

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3
Q

What are the arrangement of particles in a liquid

A
  • Random

- Close together

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4
Q

What are the arrangement of particles in a solid

A
  • Regular

- Close together

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5
Q

What are the movement of particles in a gas

A
  • Fast in all directions
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6
Q

What are the movement of particles in a liquid

A
  • Move around each other
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7
Q

What are the movement of particles in a solid

A
  • Vibrate about fixed positions
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8
Q

What is changing state from solid to liquid called

A

Melting

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9
Q

What is changing state from solid to gas called

A

Sublimation

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10
Q

What is changing state from gas to liquid called

A

Condensing

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11
Q

What is changing state from liquid to gas called

A

Evaporating

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12
Q

What is changing state from liquid to solid called

A

Freezing

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13
Q

What is changing state from gas to solid called

A

Deposition

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14
Q

How do you predict a state of matter at a certain temperature

A

Given temperature < melting point =Solid
Given temperature is between melting and boiling points =Liquid
Given temperature > boiling point =Gas
This then allows you to then plot your temperature, bp and mp on a line and figure out which state of matter it is

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15
Q

Mercury at 20 degrees is what state of matter if it’s bp is 357 degrees and it’s mp is -39 degrees

A

Liquid

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16
Q

Water at -10 degrees is what state of matter if it’s bp is 100 degrees and it’s mp is 0 degrees

A

Solid

17
Q

Methane at -200 degrees is what state of matter if it’s bp is -161 degrees and it’s mp is -182 degrees

A

Solid

18
Q

Oxygen at -200 degrees is what state of matter if it’s bp is -183 degrees and it’s mp is -219 degrees

A

Liquid

19
Q

Chlorine at -25 degrees is what state of matter if it’s bp is -34 degrees and it’s mp is -101 degrees

A

Gas

20
Q

How does the temperature and particles change as it is heated from a liquid to a gas

A

The temperature stays constant while the liquid is boiling. The particles are escaping from the liquid to form a gas.

21
Q

What is room temperature

A

20 degrees

22
Q

How does the temperature and particles change as it is heated from a solid to a liquid

A

The temperature stays constant while the solid is melting. The substance is still being heated, but the added energy is making the particles break away from their fixed arrangement.

23
Q

Why does the temperature remain constant during a change of state

A

The thermal energy is overcoming the forces of attraction between the particles, not increasing the temperature.

24
Q

The composition of a pure substance:

A
  • Cannot be changed

- Is the same in all parts of a piece of the substance (for example pure gold containing only gold atoms)

25
Q

A mixture contains:

A

Elements and/or compounds that are not chemically joined together.

26
Q

A mixture does not have:

A

A fixed composition

27
Q

How does the melting point decide whether a substance is pure or not

A

Pure crystalline compounds usually have a sharp melting point. A wide melting point range (more than 5°C) usually indicates that the substance is impure; a narrow melting point range (O. 5-2°C) usually indicates that the substance is fairly pure.

28
Q

What is a heating curve

A

A heating curve is a graph showing the temperature of a substance plotted against the amount of energy it has absorbed.

29
Q

What are some mixtures that can be separated by filtration

A

Sand and water, coffee grounds from coffee, pebbles and water

30
Q

What are some mixtures that can be separated by crystallisation

A

Salt and water, sugar and water

31
Q

What is the formation of crystals during crystallisation

A

The water evaporates leaving solid particles beginning to form and once all the water has gone crystals are left at the bottom of the basin

32
Q

Identify pure substances and mixtures on

chromatograms.

A

A pure substance will only produce one spot on the chromatogram during paper chromatography. Two substances will be the same if they produce the same colour of spot

33
Q

How do you know if substances that are identical on

chromatograms.

A
  • they produce the same number of spots, and these match in colour
  • the spots travel the same distance up the paper (have the same Rf value)
34
Q

Rf value =

A

Distance travelled by solvent

Chemistry (4 decks)

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