CCH6U1

Question 1

Components of a Mixture?

Answer 1

Solute → the substance being dissolved
Solvent → the liquid in which the substance is dissolved
Solution → minor component solute + major component solvent
Aqueous solution → solute + water

Question 2

What are the Characteristics of all Solutions? (Heterogenous and Homogenous Solutions)

Answer 2

→ solute and solvent cannot be distinguished
→ the dissolved particles are too small to see
homogeneous Solutions → solute and solvent cannot be distinguished
heterogeneous Solutions → for utensil solvent can be distinguished (E.g. blood)

Question 3

What is the process of dissolving?

Answer 3

Dissolution → process of one substance being dissolved in another

Steps of dissolution →
1. Solute - Solute Bonds break
2. Solvent - Solvent Bonds break
3. Solute-Solvent Bongs Form

Question 4

Forces in dissolving → “like” dissolve “like” rule →

Answer 4

“like” solutes → dissolve in → “like” solvents

Polar solute → dissolve → in polar solvent
Non-polar solute → dissolve → in non-polar solvents
→ Miscible → two liquids uniformly distributed

Polar solutes → do not dissolve in → non-polar solvents
non-polar solutes → do not dissolve in → polar solvents
→ immiscible

Question 5

What is Chromatography? (Incl mobile,Stationary Phase, adsoprtion and dessorption in your answer) →

Answer 5

An analytical technique to separate the components into a mixture

→ sample of mixture may be dissolved in a solvent
→ solvent (mobile phase) carries the sample as it passes over a solid material called the stationary phase

separation of components due to each having a different ability to adsorb on this stationary phase and desorb (dissolve) in the mobile phase

Absorption → attaching to a surface
desorption → detach and dissolve onto a solvent

Question 6

Chromatography techniques →

Answer 6

paper chromatography → stationary face is paper
thin layer chromatography → stationary phase is often silica or alumina of powder
*Sensitive

Question 7

Polarity in chromatography →

Answer 7

→Polar components dissolve in polar solvents
→ non-polar components dissolving non-polar solvents
→ polar components attach onto polar surfaces
→ non-polar components attach onto non-polar surfaces

*Changing the polarity of the mobile phase and stationary phase in chromatography will produce different levels of separation in a mixture based on the polarity of the components

Question 8

Retardation Factor →

Answer 8

→ Components in a mixture can be identified by the measuring the individual retardation Factor

Rf = Distance travelled by a component from Origin/distance travelled by solvent front from the origin

solvent front → movement of the solvent during the chromatography