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CCNA Flashcards

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1
Q

List the 7 layers of the OSI model

A 
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
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2
Q

List the 4 layers of the TCP\IP model, and what layers correspond to the OSI model

A

Application (Application, Presentation, Session)
Transport (Transport)
Internet (Network)
Link (Link)

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3
Q

What is SFP?

A

Small Form Factor Plug-able Transceiver

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4
Q

What are the two interaction types?

A

Same Layer Interaction

Adjacent Layer Interaction

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5
Q

What layer does Process to Process occur?

A

Data exchanged from Application to Application layer

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6
Q

What layer does Host to Host occur?

A

Data exchanged from Transport to Transport layer

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7
Q

STP and layer

A

Spanning Tree Protocol (layer 2)

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8
Q

OSPF and layer

A

Open Shortest Path First (layer 3)

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9
Q

What are the 2 configs

A

Startup-config

Running-config

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10
Q

What are 3 commands to write to startup-config?

and what mode can they be run from?

A

write
write memory
copy running-config startup-config

‘privilege exec’ mode

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11
Q

What are the 4 modes and indicator

A

user exec mode - >
privileged exec mode - #
global config - (config)#
interface configuration mode - (config-if)#

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12
Q

UTP

A

Un-shielded Twisted Pair

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13
Q

Draw RJ45 wiring diagram:
Straight Through
Cross over
Roll over

A

10 Base-T, 100 Base-T uses 4 pins\wires
1000 Base-T, 10G Base-T uses 8 pins\wires

Straight Through:
1        1
2        2
3        3
4        4     only 1000 base-t
5        5     only 1000 base-t
6        6
7        7     only 1000 base-t
8        8     only 1000 base-t
Crossover:
1        3
2        6
3        1
4        4     only 1000 base-t
5        5     only 1000 base-t
6        2
7        7     only 1000 base-t
8        8     only 1000 base-t
Rollover:
1        8
2       7
3        6
4        5
5        4
6        3
7        2
8        1
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14
Q

Draw data moving through the OSI model with headers and names of PDUs

A

OSI Model Protocol Data Units
Application
Presentation
Session Data Data
Transport Data | L4 Segment
Network Data | L4 | L3 Packet
Data Link L2 | Data | L4 | L3 | L2 Frame
Physical 1 \ 0 Bits

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15
Q

Cisco Blue cable is called

A

Roll over cable

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16
Q

List the Cisco default connection parameters:

A 
Baud                     9600
Data bits               8
Stop Bits               1
Parity                     None
Flow Control         None
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17
Q

List devices are RJ45 pinned the same, and ones different.

A

Same: PC\Server\Firewall\Router
Different: Switch

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18
Q

What does ‘Bad Secrets’ mean

A

invalid password

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19
Q

Command to get from ‘user exec’ mode to ‘privileged exec’ mode

A

enable

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20
Q

Command to get from ‘privileged exec’ mode to ‘Global Configuration’ mode

A

Configure Terminal

conf t

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21
Q

Commands to protect ‘privilege exec’ mode with password

A

enable password

enable secret

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22
Q

Command to list contents of a file

A

show

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23
Q

Command to run commands in other modes

A

Do

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24
Q

List numbers and types of encryption for passwords

A

7 Cisco propitiatory encryption (not secure)

5 MD5 encryption

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25
Which of the 2 takes precedent: enable password enable secret
enable secret
26
Command to encrypt password
service password-encryption
27
Command to execute a command
run
28
command to remove a command
no
29
Command to name a device
hostname
30
UTP cables pins Transmit Receive for Router Firewall Switch and PC
Device Transmit Receive Router 1,2 3,6 Firewall 1,2 3,6 PC 1,2 3,6 Switch 3,6 1,2
31
List 2 modes of fiber optic
Single Mode | Multi Mode
32
List physical layers of fiber optic
Fiberglass core cladding reflects light protective buffer outer jacket
33
Describe differences between single mode and multi mode
single-mode multimode narrower wider core diameter single angle multiple angles longer than UTP and MM longer than UTP but shorter than SM more $$ than UTP and MM cheaper than SM, more $$ than UTP laser based LED based
34
Name standard for fiber optic
802.3
35
list max length for: single mode Multimode UTP
single mode: 5/10/30 km Multimode: 500 m UTP 100 m
36
explain physical layer
physical characteristics: pins, voltages, cables, plugs | data converted to electrical or radio signals
37
explain data link layer
node-to-node connectivity and data transfer PC to switch, switch to router, router to router defines how data is formatted over phy detects and corrects physical layer errors uses layer 2 addressing
38
routers are used to?
connect separate lans
39
how do switched define lans
multiple switches connected to each other expand a lan | multiple switches connected to a router but not each other define separate LANs.
40
PDU
Protocol Data Units
41
Name 5 fields in Ethernet Frame Header and what they are used for.
Preamble - used to sync SFD (start frame delimiter) - used to sync Destination - layer 2 destination address Source - layer 2 source address Type - layer 3 protocol used in packet (usually IPv4/IPv6) or Length field
42
SFD
Start Frame Delimiter
43
Name fields in Ethernet Frame Trailer, and purpose
FCS (Frame Check Sequence) - used for error checking
44
Describe Preamble and SFD Fields of an Ethernet Frame
Preamble: SFD (Start Frame Delimiter) 7 bytes 1 byte 10101010 * 7 10101011 clock sync marks end of preamble and beginning of rest of frame
45
Describe Source and Destination fields of an Ethernet Frame and size
provides MAC address of sending and receiving devices | 6 bytes/48 bit
46
How long is a MAC address
6 bytes/48 bits
47
Describe Type/Length field of an Ethernet Frame
``` 2 bytes/16 bit can represent Type or Length 1500 or less indicates Length 1536 or greater indicates Type IPv4 = 0x0800 20248 ARP = 0x0806 IPv6 = 0x86DD 34525 ```
48
Describe FCS field, acronym, size, CRC
FCS - Frame Check Sequence 4 bytes/32 bit detects corruption with CRC
49
BIA
Burned in Address | AKA MAC address
50
Describe MAC address bytes
First 3 - OUI - Organizationally Unique Identifier Last 3 - unique to device itself written as 12 hex characters
51
OUI
Organizationally Unique Identifier
52
On a network diagram what does F mean
Fast Ethernet
53
On a network diagram what does G mean
Gigabit
54
what is unicast
sent to one address
55
what is multicast
sent to multiple address
56
what is it called when a switch learns an address
dynamically learned MAC address or | dynamic MAC address
57
What is a Unknown Unicast Frame, and what happes
MAC not in switch table (MAC\interface) | Frame is FLOODed across all ports except source
58
What is a Known Unicast Frame
MAC is in switch table (MAC\interface) | Frame is FORWARDed to only port in switch table
59
Are Dynamic MAC addresses permanent
No. Removed after 5 minutes.
60
What 2 fields are not considered part of the ethernet fram
Preamble | SFD - Start Frame Delimiter
61
What size is the Ethernet Header and Trailer combined
7 not counted 1 not counted 6 + 6 + 2 + 4 = 18 bytes
62
What size is the minimum size of an Ethernet frame
Header + Payload (Packet) + Trailer = 64 bytes 64 bytes - 18 bytes (header and trailer) = 46 bytes 46 bytes
63
ARP, what it does, and what it's messages are
Address Resolution Protocol Used to discover the Layer 2 address of a known Layer 3 address ARP Request - is a broadcast ARP Reply - is a unicast
64
What is the broadcast MAC address
FFFF.FFFF.FFFF
65
what is the arp command (for OSs) and what is listed?
Windows\MacOS\Linux: arp -a Cisco: show arp (in privileged exec mode) internet address, physical address, and type
66
What is ping, and what does it measure, and messages
network utility to test reachability measures round trip time ICMP Echo Request ICMP Echo Reply
67
default # of pings, size, and reply
windows: 4 pings 32 bytes sent/received/lost ``` cisco: 5 pings 100 bytes ! = successful . = failed min/avg/max of successful pings ```
68
Command to show MAC address table on Cisco? | what are the outputs?
``` show mac address-table vlan MAC address type ports ```
69
what is it called when dynamic entries are dropped from a MAC table
aging
70
what is cisco command to clear all dynamic MAC addresses from table
clear mac address-table dynamic
71
what is cisco command to clear a single dynamic MAC addresses from table
clear mac address-table dynamic address 0000.0000.0001
72
what is cisco command to clear dynamic MAC addresses from table for a single interface
clear mac address-table dynamic interface G0\0
73
IP addresses are how many bit/bytes long?
32 bits/4 bytes
74
list the IP4 address classes table
Class First octet First octet numerica range a 0 0-127 (126) /8 b 10 128-191 /16 c 110 192-223 /24 d 1110 224-239 multicast e 1111 240-255 reserved experimental
75
what is loopback address? | and what is it used for?
127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255 | used to test the network stack. (OSI & TCP\IP models)
76
write the netmask table for the first 3 classes and both forms of notation
a /8 255.0.0.0 b /16 255.255.0.0 c /24 255.255.255.0
77
Cisco router command to show interfaces? | List columns.
``` show ip interface brief Interface - name IP-address - dotted decimal ok? - ignore legacy method - manual\unset status - Layer 1 status protocol - Layer 2 status ```
78
cisco command to configure interface? mode required? cli prompt?
global config mode interface gigabitethernet 0/0 (config-if)#
79
cisco command to set ip address for an interface
ip address 10.255.255.254 255.0.0.0
80
cisco command to enable an interface
no shutdown
81
cisco command to get info on interface
show interfaces | show interfaces g0/0
82
cisco command to list optional interface info? | list columns?
``` show interfaces description interface status protocol description ```
83
cisco command to set optional interface info?
interface g0/0 | description ## to SW1 ##
84
what is the default configuration of a cisco router interface? what is the default configuration of a cisco switch iinterface?
router: shutdown/administratively down switch: no shutdown
85
cisco command to list details about interface? | list columns.
``` show interfaces status Port Name Status VLAN Duplex Speed Type ```
86
what are commands to set duplex and speed?
duplex | speed
87
cisco command to configure more than one interface?
interface range f0/5 - 12 interface range f0/5 - 6, f0/9 - 12 description shutdown
88
CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
89
What layer does a Hub operate?
Layer 1
90
What layer does a Hub operate?
Layer 1
91
What is a collision domain
All devices attached to a hub where messages collide and are not received.
92
what happens if a switch is set to auto-negotiate, | and a host is set to less than Speed:1000 Mbps and duplex:Full?
There will be a Duplex mismatch and collisions will occur.
93
Runts counter
Counts frames that are smaller than minimum frame size - 64 bytes
94
Giants counter
Counts frames that are larger than maximum frame size - 1518 bytes
95
CRC counter
Counts frames that failed CRC check
96
frame counter
Counts frames that have an incorrect format
97
input error counter | list counters
``` Counts frames from: runts counter Giants counter CRC counter Frame counter ```
98
Output counter
Counts frames that switch tried to send, but failed due to an error.
99
IPv4 Header field - Version
Version - identifies version on IP used - 4 or 6
100
IPv4 Header field - IHL
Internet Header Length in 4 bytes increments | 20 to 60 bytes
101
IPv4 Header field - DSCP
Differentiated Services Code Point | used for QoS
102
IPv4 Header field - ECN
Explicit Congestion Notification | Optional feature that requires both endpoints as well as infrastructure to support it
103
IPv4 Header field - Total Length
Indicates the total length of the packet (L3 header + layer 4 segment) in bytes minimum 20 - 65,535 max
104
IPv4 Header field - Identification
used to identify which packet the fragment belongs to packets are fragmented if larger than the MTU (maximum Transmission unit) fragments are reassembled by the receiving host
105
MTU and size
Maximum Transmission Unit | 1500 bytes
106
IPv4 Header field - Flags
``` used to control/identify fragments Bit 0: Reserved, always set to 0 Bit 1: Don't fragment (DF bit), used to indicate a packet that shouldn't be fragmented. Bit 2: More Fragments (MF bit) - set to 1 if there are more fragments set to 0 for last fragment ```
107
IPv4 Header field - Fragment Offset
13 bits used to indicate position in un-fragmented packet Allows fragmented packs to be reassembled when arriving out of order.
108
IPv4 Header field - TTL
Time to Live router will drop packets with TTL of 0 prevents infinite loops originally in seconds, now in hops
109
IPv4 Header field - Protocol
indicates protocol 6: TCP 17: UDP 1: ICMP 89: OSPF
110
ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol
111
IPv4 Header field - Header Checksum
a calculated checksum used to check for errors in the IPv4 header
112
IPv4 Header field - Options
rarely used. If IHL field > 5, then options are present
113
what is one way reachability
when router has only one way in route table
114
what is 'most specific matching' route
longest prefix length | /32 > /24 > /16 > /8 > /0
115
Name the route types on a routing table
Static - manually configured Connected - represent network that local address is part of Local - exact address configured on interface
116
command to configure default route
ip route
117
CIDR
Classless Inter-Domain Routing
118
IANA
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
119
PTP
Point To Point
120
IETF
Internet Engineering Task Force
121
Draw table for CIDR /24 thru /32 with number of hosts
/24 256 -2 = 254 | /25 128 -2 = 126
122
can /31 be used?
Yes. Only for point to point networks. /31 = 2 - 2 = 0 usable hosts but still works for point to point.
123
can /32 be used?
Yes. | Can be used to create a static route to one specific host.
124
VLSM
Variable Length Subnet Masks
125
FLSM
Fixed Length Subnet Masks`
126
VLSM steps?
Largest first next largest next and so on and so on

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