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CCNA Flashcards

1
Q

List the 7 layers of the OSI model

A 
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
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2
Q

List the 4 layers of the TCP\IP model, and what layers correspond to the OSI model

A

Application (Application, Presentation, Session)
Transport (Transport)
Internet (Network)
Link (Link)

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3
Q

What is SFP?

A

Small Form Factor Plug-able Transceiver

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4
Q

What are the two interaction types?

A

Same Layer Interaction

Adjacent Layer Interaction

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5
Q

What layer does Process to Process occur?

A

Data exchanged from Application to Application layer

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6
Q

What layer does Host to Host occur?

A

Data exchanged from Transport to Transport layer

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7
Q

STP and layer

A

Spanning Tree Protocol (layer 2)

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8
Q

OSPF and layer

A

Open Shortest Path First (layer 3)

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9
Q

What are the 2 configs

A

Startup-config

Running-config

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10
Q

What are 3 commands to write to startup-config?

and what mode can they be run from?

A

write
write memory
copy running-config startup-config

‘privilege exec’ mode

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11
Q

What are the 4 modes and indicator

A

user exec mode - >
privileged exec mode - #
global config - (config)#
interface configuration mode - (config-if)#

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12
Q

UTP

A

Un-shielded Twisted Pair

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13
Q

Draw RJ45 wiring diagram:
Straight Through
Cross over
Roll over

A

10 Base-T, 100 Base-T uses 4 pins\wires
1000 Base-T, 10G Base-T uses 8 pins\wires

Straight Through:
1        1
2        2
3        3
4        4     only 1000 base-t
5        5     only 1000 base-t
6        6
7        7     only 1000 base-t
8        8     only 1000 base-t
Crossover:
1        3
2        6
3        1
4        4     only 1000 base-t
5        5     only 1000 base-t
6        2
7        7     only 1000 base-t
8        8     only 1000 base-t
Rollover:
1        8
2       7
3        6
4        5
5        4
6        3
7        2
8        1
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14
Q

Draw data moving through the OSI model with headers and names of PDUs

A

OSI Model Protocol Data Units
Application
Presentation
Session Data Data
Transport Data | L4 Segment
Network Data | L4 | L3 Packet
Data Link L2 | Data | L4 | L3 | L2 Frame
Physical 1 \ 0 Bits

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15
Q

Cisco Blue cable is called

A

Roll over cable

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16
Q

List the Cisco default connection parameters:

A 
Baud                     9600
Data bits               8
Stop Bits               1
Parity                     None
Flow Control         None
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17
Q

List devices are RJ45 pinned the same, and ones different.

A

Same: PC\Server\Firewall\Router
Different: Switch

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18
Q

What does ‘Bad Secrets’ mean

A

invalid password

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19
Q

Command to get from ‘user exec’ mode to ‘privileged exec’ mode

A

enable

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20
Q

Command to get from ‘privileged exec’ mode to ‘Global Configuration’ mode

A

Configure Terminal

conf t

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21
Q

Commands to protect ‘privilege exec’ mode with password

A

enable password

enable secret

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22
Q

Command to list contents of a file

A

show

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23
Q

Command to run commands in other modes

A

Do

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24
Q

List numbers and types of encryption for passwords

A

7 Cisco propitiatory encryption (not secure)

5 MD5 encryption

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25
Q

Which of the 2 takes precedent:
enable password
enable secret

A

enable secret

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26
Q

Command to encrypt password

A

service password-encryption

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27
Q

Command to execute a command

A

run

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28
Q

command to remove a command

A

no

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29
Q

Command to name a device

A

hostname

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30
Q

UTP cables pins
Transmit
Receive
for Router Firewall Switch and PC

A

Device Transmit Receive
Router 1,2 3,6
Firewall 1,2 3,6
PC 1,2 3,6

Switch 3,6 1,2

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31
Q

List 2 modes of fiber optic

A

Single Mode

Multi Mode

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32
Q

List physical layers of fiber optic

A

Fiberglass core
cladding reflects light
protective buffer
outer jacket

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33
Q

Describe differences between single mode and multi mode

A

single-mode multimode
narrower wider core diameter
single angle multiple angles
longer than UTP and MM longer than UTP but shorter than SM
more $$ than UTP and MM cheaper than SM, more $$ than UTP
laser based LED based

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34
Q

Name standard for fiber optic

A

802.3

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35
Q

list max length for:
single mode
Multimode
UTP

A

single mode: 5/10/30 km
Multimode: 500 m
UTP 100 m

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36
Q

explain physical layer

A

physical characteristics: pins, voltages, cables, plugs

data converted to electrical or radio signals

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37
Q

explain data link layer

A

node-to-node connectivity and data transfer
PC to switch, switch to router, router to router
defines how data is formatted over phy
detects and corrects physical layer errors
uses layer 2 addressing

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38
Q

routers are used to?

A

connect separate lans

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39
Q

how do switched define lans

A

multiple switches connected to each other expand a lan

multiple switches connected to a router but not each other define separate LANs.

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40
Q

PDU

A

Protocol Data Units

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41
Q

Name 5 fields in Ethernet Frame Header and what they are used for.

A

Preamble - used to sync
SFD (start frame delimiter) - used to sync
Destination - layer 2 destination address
Source - layer 2 source address
Type - layer 3 protocol used in packet (usually IPv4/IPv6) or Length field

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42
Q

SFD

A

Start Frame Delimiter

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43
Q

Name fields in Ethernet Frame Trailer, and purpose

A

FCS (Frame Check Sequence) - used for error checking

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44
Q

Describe Preamble and SFD Fields of an Ethernet Frame

A

Preamble: SFD (Start Frame Delimiter)
7 bytes 1 byte
10101010 * 7 10101011
clock sync marks end of preamble and beginning of rest of frame

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45
Q

Describe Source and Destination fields of an Ethernet Frame and size

A

provides MAC address of sending and receiving devices

6 bytes/48 bit

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46
Q

How long is a MAC address

A

6 bytes/48 bits

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47
Q

Describe Type/Length field of an Ethernet Frame

A 
2 bytes/16 bit
can represent Type or Length
  1500 or less indicates Length
  1536 or greater indicates Type
  IPv4 = 0x0800       20248
  ARP = 0x0806
  IPv6 = 0x86DD    34525
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48
Q

Describe FCS field, acronym, size, CRC

A

FCS - Frame Check Sequence
4 bytes/32 bit
detects corruption with CRC

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49
Q

BIA

A

Burned in Address

AKA MAC address

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50
Q

Describe MAC address bytes

A

First 3 - OUI - Organizationally Unique Identifier
Last 3 - unique to device itself
written as 12 hex characters

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51
Q

OUI

A

Organizationally Unique Identifier

52
Q

On a network diagram what does F mean

A

Fast Ethernet

53
Q

On a network diagram what does G mean

A

Gigabit

54
Q

what is unicast

A

sent to one address

55
Q

what is multicast

A

sent to multiple address

56
Q

what is it called when a switch learns an address

A

dynamically learned MAC address or

dynamic MAC address

57
Q

What is a Unknown Unicast Frame, and what happes

A

MAC not in switch table (MAC\interface)

Frame is FLOODed across all ports except source

58
Q

What is a Known Unicast Frame

A

MAC is in switch table (MAC\interface)

Frame is FORWARDed to only port in switch table

59
Q

Are Dynamic MAC addresses permanent

A

No. Removed after 5 minutes.

60
Q

What 2 fields are not considered part of the ethernet fram

A

Preamble

SFD - Start Frame Delimiter

61
Q

What size is the Ethernet Header and Trailer combined

A

7 not counted
1 not counted
6 + 6 + 2 + 4 = 18 bytes

62
Q

What size is the minimum size of an Ethernet frame

A

Header + Payload (Packet) + Trailer = 64 bytes
64 bytes - 18 bytes (header and trailer) = 46 bytes
46 bytes

63
Q

ARP, what it does, and what it’s messages are

A

Address Resolution Protocol
Used to discover the Layer 2 address of a known Layer 3 address
ARP Request - is a broadcast
ARP Reply - is a unicast

64
Q

What is the broadcast MAC address

A

FFFF.FFFF.FFFF

65
Q

what is the arp command (for OSs) and what is listed?

A

Windows\MacOS\Linux: arp -a
Cisco: show arp (in privileged exec mode)

internet address, physical address, and type

66
Q

What is ping, and what does it measure, and messages

A

network utility to test reachability
measures round trip time
ICMP Echo Request
ICMP Echo Reply

67
Q

default # of pings, size, and reply

A

windows:
4 pings
32 bytes
sent/received/lost

cisco: 
5 pings
100 bytes 
! = successful
. = failed 
min/avg/max of successful pings
68
Q

Command to show MAC address table on Cisco?

what are the outputs?

A 
show mac address-table
vlan
MAC address
type
ports
69
Q

what is it called when dynamic entries are dropped from a MAC table

A

aging

70
Q

what is cisco command to clear all dynamic MAC addresses from table

A

clear mac address-table dynamic

71
Q

what is cisco command to clear a single dynamic MAC addresses from table

A

clear mac address-table dynamic address 0000.0000.0001

72
Q

what is cisco command to clear dynamic MAC addresses from table for a single interface

A

clear mac address-table dynamic interface G0\0

73
Q

IP addresses are how many bit/bytes long?

A

32 bits/4 bytes

74
Q

list the IP4 address classes table

A

Class First octet First octet numerica range
a 0 0-127 (126) /8
b 10 128-191 /16
c 110 192-223 /24
d 1110 224-239 multicast
e 1111 240-255 reserved experimental

75
Q

what is loopback address?

and what is it used for?

A

127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255

used to test the network stack. (OSI & TCP\IP models)

76
Q

write the netmask table for the first 3 classes and both forms of notation

A

a /8 255.0.0.0
b /16 255.255.0.0
c /24 255.255.255.0

77
Q

Cisco router command to show interfaces?

List columns.

A 
show ip interface brief
Interface - name
IP-address - dotted decimal
ok? - ignore legacy
method - manual\unset
status - Layer 1 status
protocol - Layer 2 status
78
Q

cisco command to configure interface?
mode required?
cli prompt?

A

global config mode
interface gigabitethernet 0/0
(config-if)#

79
Q

cisco command to set ip address for an interface

A

ip address 10.255.255.254 255.0.0.0

80
Q

cisco command to enable an interface

A

no shutdown

81
Q

cisco command to get info on interface

A

show interfaces

show interfaces g0/0

82
Q

cisco command to list optional interface info?

list columns?

A 
show interfaces description
interface
status 
protocol
description
83
Q

cisco command to set optional interface info?

A

interface g0/0

description ## to SW1 ##

84
Q

what is the default configuration of a cisco router interface?
what is the default configuration of a cisco switch iinterface?

A

router: shutdown/administratively down
switch: no shutdown

85
Q

cisco command to list details about interface?

list columns.

A 
show interfaces status
Port
Name
Status
VLAN
Duplex
Speed
Type
86
Q

what are commands to set duplex and speed?

A

duplex

speed

87
Q

cisco command to configure more than one interface?

A

interface range f0/5 - 12
interface range f0/5 - 6, f0/9 - 12
description
shutdown

88
Q

CSMA/CD

A

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection

89
Q

What layer does a Hub operate?

A

Layer 1

90
Q

What layer does a Hub operate?

A

Layer 1

91
Q

What is a collision domain

A

All devices attached to a hub where messages collide and are not received.

92
Q

what happens if a switch is set to auto-negotiate,

and a host is set to less than Speed:1000 Mbps and duplex:Full?

A

There will be a Duplex mismatch and collisions will occur.

93
Q

Runts counter

A

Counts frames that are smaller than minimum frame size - 64 bytes

94
Q

Giants counter

A

Counts frames that are larger than maximum frame size - 1518 bytes

95
Q

CRC counter

A

Counts frames that failed CRC check

96
Q

frame counter

A

Counts frames that have an incorrect format

97
Q

input error counter

list counters

A 
Counts frames from:
runts counter
Giants counter
CRC counter
Frame counter
98
Q

Output counter

A

Counts frames that switch tried to send, but failed due to an error.

99
Q

IPv4 Header field - Version

A

Version - identifies version on IP used - 4 or 6

100
Q

IPv4 Header field - IHL

A

Internet Header Length in 4 bytes increments

20 to 60 bytes

101
Q

IPv4 Header field - DSCP

A

Differentiated Services Code Point

used for QoS

102
Q

IPv4 Header field - ECN

A

Explicit Congestion Notification

Optional feature that requires both endpoints as well as infrastructure to support it

103
Q

IPv4 Header field - Total Length

A

Indicates the total length of the packet
(L3 header + layer 4 segment)
in bytes
minimum 20 - 65,535 max

104
Q

IPv4 Header field - Identification

A

used to identify which packet the fragment belongs to
packets are fragmented if larger than the MTU (maximum Transmission unit)
fragments are reassembled by the receiving host

105
Q

MTU and size

A

Maximum Transmission Unit

1500 bytes

106
Q

IPv4 Header field - Flags

A 
used to control/identify fragments
Bit 0: Reserved, always set to 0
Bit 1: Don't fragment (DF bit), used to indicate a packet that shouldn't be fragmented.
Bit 2: More Fragments (MF bit) - 
  set to 1 if there are more fragments
  set to 0 for last fragment
107
Q

IPv4 Header field - Fragment Offset

A

13 bits
used to indicate position in un-fragmented packet
Allows fragmented packs to be reassembled when arriving out of order.

108
Q

IPv4 Header field - TTL

A

Time to Live
router will drop packets with TTL of 0
prevents infinite loops
originally in seconds, now in hops

109
Q

IPv4 Header field - Protocol

A

indicates protocol

6: TCP
17: UDP
1: ICMP
89: OSPF

110
Q

ICMP

A

Internet Control Message Protocol

111
Q

IPv4 Header field - Header Checksum

A

a calculated checksum used to check for errors in the IPv4 header

112
Q

IPv4 Header field - Options

A

rarely used. If IHL field > 5, then options are present

113
Q

what is one way reachability

A

when router has only one way in route table

114
Q

what is ‘most specific matching’ route

A

longest prefix length

/32 > /24 > /16 > /8 > /0

115
Q

Name the route types on a routing table

A

Static - manually configured
Connected - represent network that local address is part of
Local - exact address configured on interface

116
Q

command to configure default route

A

ip route

117
Q

CIDR

A

Classless Inter-Domain Routing

118
Q

IANA

A

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

119
Q

PTP

A

Point To Point

120
Q

IETF

A

Internet Engineering Task Force

121
Q

Draw table for CIDR /24 thru /32 with number of hosts

A

/24 256 -2 = 254

/25 128 -2 = 126

122
Q

can /31 be used?

A

Yes. Only for point to point networks.
/31 = 2 - 2 = 0 usable hosts
but still works for point to point.

123
Q

can /32 be used?

A

Yes.

Can be used to create a static route to one specific host.

124
Q

VLSM

A

Variable Length Subnet Masks

125
Q

FLSM

A

Fixed Length Subnet Masks`

126
Q

VLSM steps?

A

Largest first
next largest next
and so on and so on

CCNA (1 decks)

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