CDW 03 Flashcards
The main contributing factor towards antibiotic resistance?
The misuse and overuse of antibiotics.
Bacteria that develop antibiotic resistance are sometimes referred to as “superbugs”.
Factors identified as driving global antibiotic resistance?
Human antibiotic misuse or overuse
Animal antibiotic misuse or overuse
Bacterial transmission: Resistant bacteria passed between ppl in hospitals to other healthcare areas.
Travel: By traveling one place, resistant bugs reach another place.
Lack of good diagnostic screening/rapid testing for diseases used empirically
Some of the more common antibiotic-resistant infections include?
(MRSA), Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus is commonly known as the hospital “superbug”
(ESBL-E) Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases
(VRE) Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci
Who is most at risk of antibiotic resistance?
Especially people with lower immunity
Elderly and sick: hospital patients who are elderly or very sick
Open wound patient: hospital patients who have an open wound (bedsore) or a tube going into their body (like a urinary catheter or on dialysis)
Cancer patient: people undergoing treatment for cancer
organ transplant patients
Pregnant women: women needing Cesarean-sections during childbirths
Antibiotic stewardship ?
Appropriate use to improve patient outcomes
Minimising the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
Antibiotic stewardship uses processes designed to measure use of antibiotics and optimise appropriate practices?
Global/international level: how new antibiotics are introduced to market, labelled, priced and distributed.
National level: legislation, regulation and national treatment guidelines
Hospital level: optimizing the use of antibiotics for patients in hospitals
Community level: fostering access and appropriate use in primary health care settings and in animal health through awareness .
Global action plan on Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
Awareness: Global awareness and understanding
Reduce incidence: Reduce the incidence of infections through hygiene, sanitation
Optimize target: of antibiotic use
Investment: Finance to Introduce new diagnostic tools, vaccines.
New Zealand Antimicrobial Resistance Action Plan?
awareness and understanding surveillance and research infection prevention and control antimicrobial stewardship governance, collaboration and investment
I can help tackle antibiotic resistance if I ?
Keep my vaccinations up to date
True fact is
The rate of antibiotic resistance in NZ is currently relatively high compared with other countries.
Steps can be taken at all levels of society to reduce the impact and limit AMR.
Individuals:
use antibiotics when prescribed
never share.
Take any unused antibiotics back to your pharmacy for disposal.
Prevent infections by regular hand washing, practicing food hygiene, avoid close contact with sick people,
Policymakers:
Improve surveillance
Implement infection prevention and control measures
Regulate the disposal of quality medicines
Make information available on the impact of AMR
Healthcare professionals:
Only prescribe when they are needed
Report antibiotic-resistant infections to surveillance teams.
Talk to your patients how to take antibiotics correctly,
Talk to patients on (vaccination, hand washing, safer sex, and covering nose and mouth sneezing)
Healthcare industry:
Invest in research and development of new antibiotics, vaccines, diagnostics, and tools.
Agriculture sector:
Only give antibiotics under veterinary supervision
Not use antibiotics for growth or to prevent diseases in healthy animals
Vaccinate animals to reduce antibiotics
Improve biosecurity on farms
Describing/discussing some social factors driving the development and spread of resistance
Poor regulation of antibiotics
Patient pressure, and doctor’s perceptions of patient pressure
Poor people’s knowledge about antibiotics
Animal production by using antibiotics
What can be done to reduce the development and spread of antibiotic resistance?
Campaigns.
Posters, infographics, social media images, videos, animated GIFs, etc. to help promote AMR.
I can help tackle antibiotic resistance if I:
Keep my vaccination under control
Who is the more prone to admit to hospital for tretmen of an infection?
Maori and Pacific peoples are between two to four times more likely to be admitted to hospital for treatment of an infection than other New Zealanders.
