cell bio definitions

Question 1

Types of Cell Communications

Answer 1

Various ways cells communicate, including direct contact and chemical signaling.

Question 2

Pheromone

Answer 2

Chemical signals released by one organism to influence the behavior or physiology of another.

Question 3

Paracrine Signaling

Answer 3

Communication between neighboring cells.

Question 4

Autocrine Signaling

Answer 4

Cells signaling to themselves by releasing signaling molecules.

Question 5

Endocrine Communication

Answer 5

Signaling over long distances through the bloodstream.

Question 6

Juxtacrine Effect

Answer 6

Signaling through direct contact between neighboring cells.

Question 7

Neurocrine Signaling

Answer 7

Communication between nerve cells.

Question 8

Gap-Junction Connection

Answer 8

Direct communication between adjacent cells through protein channels.

Question 9

Signal Transduction (Signal Transformation)

Answer 9

Conversion of a signaling molecule’s information into a cellular response.

Question 10

Transferring the Signal (Relay)

Answer 10

Passing the signal along a chain of molecules inside the cell.

Question 11

Signal Amplification

Answer 11

The increase in the strength of a signal during transduction.

Question 12

Signal Divergence

Answer 12

One signaling molecule leading to multiple cellular responses.

Question 13

Signal Modulation

Answer 13

Adjustment of the intensity or duration of a signal.

Question 14

Scaffold Proteins

Answer 14

Molecules that help organize and assemble components of signaling pathways.

Question 15

Upstream – Downstream Component

Answer 15

Refers to the position of molecules in a signaling pathway.

Question 16

Negative Feedback

Answer 16

Mechanism that reduces the activity of a signaling pathway

Question 17

Cross-Talk

Answer 17

Communication between different signaling pathways.

Question 18

Integration of Signals

Answer 18

Combining information from multiple signaling pathways

Question 19

Desensitization of Receptors

Answer 19

Decreased responsiveness of receptors to continuous stimulation.

Question 20

Receptor Sequestration

Answer 20

Internalization of receptors into the cell, reducing their availability.

Question 21

Domain

Answer 21

Distinct functional or structural region of a protein.

Question 22

Morphogen

Answer 22

Signaling molecule that controls the pattern of tissue development.

Question 23

Slow and Fast Signalway

Answer 23

Refers to the speed of signal transmission in a signaling pathway.