Cell Biology

Question 1

Define nucleus

Answer 1

Contains DNA, mrna, and the nucleolus

Question 2

Define nucleolus

Answer 2

Specialized condensed DNA that makes new ribosomes

Question 3

Nuclear envelope

Answer 3

Membrane that surrounds the nucleus

Question 4

MRNA

Answer 4

Copy of a gene that is portable

Question 5

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 5

Contains ribosomes which read mRNA

Question 6

Ribosomes

Answer 6

Read mRNA to create specific protein. Some used in cell and some used out

Question 7

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

Produced steroid hormone and detoxifies cell. For example, liver cells have lots of SER because it is organ of detoxification

Question 8

Transport vesicle

Answer 8

Transports protein from one place to the next

Question 9

Lysosomes

Answer 9

Performs cellular digestion and autolysis.

Question 10

Cell membrane

Answer 10

Provides protection and regulated movement in and out of cell. Is known as phospholipid bilayer because there are two layers of phospholipids, plasma membrane cuz everything floats on the surface, and fluid mosaic model cuz transmembrane proteins give it a mosaic look

Question 11

Cytoplasm

Answer 11

Dissolves nutrients and waste and suspends organelles

Question 12

Cytoskeleton

Answer 12

Adds strength to cell structure and allows cellular mobility

Question 13

Mitochondria

Answer 13

Produced energy called atp using cellular respiration. The heart cells have lots of mitochondria because it produces atp

Question 14

DNA

Answer 14

Has codes for every protein, personal info and traits. It replicates and passes info onto next generation of cells and next generation of individuals. Random mutation is key for species variation and survival of species in times of environmental change. DNA could have a normal life where it turns into a chromatin, or it could replicate. There r 23 pairs of replicated DNA in ur bod

Question 15

Proteins

Answer 15

Polymers of amino acid. 20 different kinds of amino acid and there r so many dif combinations it’s crazy. Amino acid is a compound. Four types of proteins r structural protein, enzymes, hormones, and neurotransmitters

Question 16

Describe me some DNA structure

Answer 16

DNA is polymer of nucleotides adenine bonds with thymine. Guanine has to bond with cytosine. The bonds for the purines and pyrimidines are called hydrogen bonds
CHARGAFF’S RULE:
The number of purines must equal the number of pyrimidines

Question 17

Yoyoyooo describe me some tonicity and membranes

Answer 17

The different membranes r:
Permeable membranes, (molecules move from high to low concentration on the gradient
Impermeable membranes which won’t allow molecules to move
Semipermeable, when certain molecules can and can’t diffuse
Selectively permeable regulates movement

Question 18

Hypertonic and hypotonic means…

Answer 18

Hypertonic: molecules move out of the cell and hypotonic is when they move into the cell

Question 19

Free floating ribosome:

Answer 19

Still read mRNA to create specified proteins to be used in the cell itself. A polysome is a cluster of ribosomes that read mRNA but creates mass quantities of the same protein

Question 20

Explain exocytosis

Answer 20

Ribosomes in the er r make specific protein by reading the mRNA. It buds, then goes on a transport vesicle to the Golgi apparatus. It stores, refined, and activated protein. Then it buds and goes in secretory vesicle, which takes it to the cell membrane and it buds out, or it goes in a lysosome to be used in cell.

Question 21

Nuclear pore:

Answer 21

Allows movement in and out of nucleus