Cell division

Question 1

Mitosis Stage

“Preparation”. Nucleus breaks down and chromosomes condense.
Spindle apparatus with microtubules forms, attaching to the sister chromatids, which are joined by centromeres.

Answer 1

Prophase

Question 2

Mitosis Stages

“Middle”.
Chromosomes aligned at center of cell

Answer 2

Metaphase

Question 3

Mitosis Stages

“Apart”.
Sister chromatids separate, moving to opposite poles.
Failure to separate is called nondisjunction and results in aneuploidy.

Answer 3

Anaphase

Question 4

Mitosis Stages

Nuclear membrane re-forms. Cytokinesis occurs.

Answer 4

Telophase

Question 5

Meiosis II Stages

Chromosomes condense again. Centrosomes separate and move to opposite poles.

Answer 5

Prophase II

Question 6

Meiosis II Stages

Spindle fibers attach at centromeres and line the centrosomes in center of cell (but perpendicular to metaphase I).

Answer 6

Metaphase II

Question 7

Meiosis II Stages

Sister chromatids are separated and move to opposite poles of cells.

Answer 7

Anaphase II

Question 8

Meiosis II Stages

Cytokinesis occurs. Four equal haploid daughter cells are formed.

Answer 8

Telophase II

Question 9

Sequence of the cell cycle

Answer 9

G1 → (S or G0) → G2 → M

Question 10

Cell cycle

“Cell growth.” Makes cellular components like organelles and proteins.
Decides whether to divide (proceed to S) or not divide (proceed to G0).

Answer 10

G1

Question 11

Cell cycle

“Synthesis”. DNA replication occurs.

Answer 11

S

Question 12

Cell cycle

“Cell cycle arrest.” Non-growth phase. Highest protein production.

Answer 12

G0

Question 13

Cell cycle

“Cell growth”. Makes more proteins and organelles.
G2/M checkpoint checks for chromosomal and DNA replication errors and checks if there is enough mitosis promoting factor to proceed.

Answer 13

G2

Question 14

Cell cycle

“Mitosis.” Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase occur. Cytokinesis occurs.

Answer 14

M

Question 15

Meiosis I vs Meiosis II

Answer 15

Meiosis I: Homologous chromosomes separate.

Meiosis II: Sister chromatids separate.

Question 16

Meiosis I stages

Chromosomal crossover causes genetic recombination. Chromosomes condense and tetrads form.

Answer 16

Prophase I

Question 17

Meiosis I stages

Spindle fibers attach at centromeres and the tetrads line up in center of cell.

Answer 17

Metaphase I

Question 18

Meiosis I stages

Homologous pairs move to opposite poles, which is called disjunction.
If this occurs improperly, it is called nondisjunction resulting in aneuploidy.

Answer 18

Anaphase I

Question 19

Meiosis I stages

DNA decondenses. Cytokinesis occurs, forming two haploid daughter cells.
Daughter cells are unequal in size in oogenesis

Answer 19

Telophase I