cell division and the cell cycle

Question 1

why is cell division important?

Answer 1

• cell growth
• repair and replacement of damaged cell parts
• reproduction of species

Question 2

what are the three stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 2

• interphase
• mitosis
• cytokinesis

Question 3

chromatin

Answer 3

• loose, stringy mass where chromosomes are composed

Question 4

what happens to chromosomes during mitosis?

Answer 4

• during mitosis, DNA coils up and individual chromosomes can be seen
• can be single or double stranded

Question 5

centromere

Answer 5

• holds double-stranded chromosomes together

Question 6

chromatid

Answer 6

• each stand in a replicated chromosome

Question 7

sister chromatid

Answer 7

• two identical copies of chromatid connected by a centromere

Question 8

what are the different stages of mitosis?

Answer 8

1. interphase
2. prophase
3. metaphase
4. anaphase
5. telophase
6. cytokinesis

Question 9

what happens during interphase?

Answer 9

• longest phase of mitosis
• cell is preparing to divide
  
  • growing in size
  • making more organelles
  • replicating DNA
• cell preforms normal functions

Question 10

what happens during prophase?

Answer 10

• chromatin condenses and chromosomes become visible
• nuclear membrane starts to breakdown
• nucleolus disappears
• centrosomes move towards opposite ends of cell, and begin to form spindle fibres

Question 11

what happens during metaphase?

Answer 11

• chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell
• centrioles reach opposites of the cell
• each centromere becomes attached

Question 12

what happens during anaphase?

Answer 12

• daughter chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides of the cell
• the centromere breaks apart and the chromatids separate
• spindle fibres retract

Question 13

what happens during telophase?

Answer 13

• the goodbye
• two daughter nuclei are formed
• spindle fibre starts to disappear
• new nuclear membrane begins to form around the nucleus at each of the cells
• nucleolus appears
• chromosomes reach opposite sides of cell
• chromosomes become less coiled and harder to see

Question 14

what happens during cytokinesis in an animal cell?

Answer 14

• ring of special proteins around cell starts to contract
• cell membrane pinching in and forms cleavage furrow
• the contraction pinches the cell membrane until the parent cell is divided into two equal daughter cells

Question 15

what happens during cytokinesis in a plant cell?

Answer 15

• golgi bodies stats to produce small vesicles, which carry the materials needed to form a new cell wall
• cell plate grow outwards and join the old cell wall
• the new cell membrane form inside the new cell wal
• the parent cell is divided into two equal daughter cells