Cell Division test thing

Question 1

Name the organelle that is only active during cell division. What does this organelle do?

Answer 1

Centrioles: produce spindle fibers, which guide the chromatids during mitosis.

Question 2

What phase does mitosis begin? What phase does it end at?

Answer 2

It starts at Phosphase and ends at Telophase.

Question 3

What is DNA/The Definition?

Answer 3

A molecule that contains the information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits
* double helix: a coil made up of two strands, each of which is a helix– they are connected by a ladder

Question 4

Nitrogen Bases?

Answer 4

The Nitrogen bases always bond in a certain way.

* Adenine always bonds with Thymine. * Guanine always bonds with Cytosine

Question 5

Chromosomes?

Answer 5

One of the structures in the nucleus that is made up of DNA and protein.

• made up of DNA and proteins
• humans have 46 chromosomes in each cell (23 pairs)
• found in the nucleus

Question 6

What is a Gene?

Answer 6

A gene consists of a string of DNA that give the information about how to make a specific trait

Question 7

Chromatin?

Answer 7

Chromosomes uncoiled and spread out in the nucleus (thread-like)

Question 8

Chromatid?

Answer 8

Chromosomes condensed into rod-like structures; chromatids occur in pairs in the shape of an X

Question 9

Centromere?

Answer 9

A duplicated chromosome has two identical strands; called chromatids
- they are held together at a religion called the centromere

Question 10

What is the cell cycle, and why is it important?

Answer 10

• The cycle begins when the cell is formed and ends when the cell divides and forms new cells.
• It is the way multicellular organisms replace old, dead cells that can no longer carry out life functions
• It ensures that each new cell can perform the same function as the old cell it is replacing
• It is also how young multicellular organisms are able to grow.

Question 11

What are the phases of the cell cycle in order?

Answer 11

Interphase, (then mitosis starts) Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis

Question 12

What happens during the Interphase?

Answer 12

1. The cell prepares for cell division
   G1. The cell grows and does its job
   S. Chromosomes (DNA) are copied in the nucleus
   G2. Organelles are replicated

Question 13

What happens during Prophase?

Answer 13

Chromosomes condense into rod-like structures called chromatids. * Centrioles move up to opposite ends of the nucleus, and spindle fibers appear.

Question 14

How is cytokinesis different in an animal cell versus a plant cell?

Answer 14

• Animal Cell = Cell membrane is drawn in and pinches into two
• Plant Cell = A cell plate forms and becomes the cell wall

Question 15

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Answer 15

To create new identical cells for growth and repair

Question 16

Describe the daughter cells that result from the Eukaryotic cell cycle.

Answer 16

2 genetically identical cells, each with their own nucleus.

Question 17

How many chromosomes does the body have? How many pairs?

Answer 17

46 Chromosomes, 23 pairs

Question 18

Where does DNA replication occur within the cell?

Answer 18

In the nucleus

Question 19

Write the full name for DNA

Answer 19

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 20

What would the other side of this DNA strand look like?

AGCTAAT

Answer 20

TCGATTA

Question 21

How many daughter cells are produced in the cell?

Answer 21

2 identical daughter cells

Question 22

Describe the nucleotide base pairings.

Answer 22

• Adenine always bonds with Thymine (A, T)

* Cytosine always bonds with Guanine (C, G)

Question 23

Does mitosis take place in prokaryotic cells or eukaryotic cells?

Answer 23

Eukaryotic cells

Question 24

What is binary fission?

Answer 24

Prokaryotic cell division is by ¨binary fission¨ = ¨splitting into two parts¨
The cell splits into two separate parts
Each part has one copy of the circular DNA
* Prokaryotic cells are less complex than eukaryotic cells
* They have:
- Ribosomes, singular circular DNA molecule
- No membrane enclosed organelles

Question 25

What happens during Metaphase?

Answer 25

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. Homologous chromosomes pair up.

Question 26

What happens during Anaphase?

Answer 26

The chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell.

Question 27

What happens during Telophase?

Answer 27

A nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes, and the chromosomes unwind.

Question 28

What happens during Cytokinesis?

Answer 28

The process by which cells split their cytoplasm into two new daughter cells, that are genetically identical to the parent cell.