Cell Structure

Question 1

Describe the function and structure of the nucleus

Answer 1

Nucleus contains : nucleolus, nuclear pores and nuclear envelope

Nucleolus- site of ribosome production
Nuclear pores- where substances enter in and out of the nucleus
Nuclear envelope - surrounds the nucleus, semi permeable double membrane

Function of the nucleus is to control cell activity

Question 2

Describe function of the ER

Answer 2

Rough ER- many ribosomes are attached for protein synthesis and transport

Smooth Er- synthesises lipids

Question 3

Describe the function of the golgi apparatus

Answer 3

Modifies and packages proteins

Question 4

Function of ribosomes

Answer 4

Site of protein production

Contains two subunits. Large subunit which contains amino scids, and a small subunit responsible for the MRNA binding point

Question 5

Describe the structure of a mitochondrion

Answer 5

Folded inner membrane that forms a cristae, that contains digestive enzymes, lipids , proteins

Question 6

Functions of mitochondria + chlorplast

Answer 6

Mitochondria - site of ATP production through aerobic resporation

Choroplast- site of photosynthesis

Question 7

Function of a lysosome

Answer 7

Contains digestive enzymes

Question 8

Describe the function of a plant cell wall

Answer 8

Made of cellulose micorfibrils for mechanical support

Question 9

What are bacterial cell walls made from and fungi cell walls made from

Answer 9

Peptidoglycin

Fungi cell walls are also made from chitin

Question 10

What are the structure and function of centrioles

Answer 10

Made up of 9 microtubules

Involved in cell division , migrates to opposite sides of the cell during prophase , and spindle fibres form between them

Question 11

Describe the structure and function of the plasma cell surface membrane

Answer 11

Made up of the phospholipid bilayer

Isolates cyptoplasm fron extracellular environment
Involved in cell signallint and recognition

Selectively permeable so it can allow substances in and out of the cell

Question 12

Explain the role of cholesterol within the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 12

Connects phospholipids and reduces fluidity

Question 13

Describe the function of glycoproteins

Answer 13

Cell signalling + cell recognition

Binding cells together

Question 14

Describe the function of glycolipids

Answer 14

Cell signalling + cell recognition

Question 15

Describe the function of flagellum and structure

Answer 15

Hollow helical tube that rotates to propel due to microtubule fibres that contract

Question 16

Describe function and structure of cillia

Answer 16

Cillia is a hair like structure found on the surface of eukaryotic cells
Made up of microtubules fibres that allow it to contract
Moves back and forth in a ryhymn to sweep away foreign substances
Also allows cell movement

Question 17

Why are microtubules so important

Answer 17

Allows cell movement
Provides mechanical strength
Aids transport within cells

Question 18

Contrast eukaryotic cells + prokaryotic cells

Answer 18

Eukaryotic cells :
Contains a nucleus 
Much more bigger and complex
Contains mitochondrion
Cellulose cell wall/chitin / no cell wall
Asexual reproduction /mitosis+ meiosis
Large ribosomes(80S)

Prokaryotic
No nucleus, free flowing dna
Singled cell organism
Small ribosomes (70S)
Binary fission
Cell wall made from peptidyglocin