cell structure

Question 1

what organelle doesn’t have membrane enclosing it in a eukaryotic cell

Answer 1

ribosome

Question 2

what is plant cell wall made of
what is fungal cell wall made of

Answer 2

cellulose
chitin

Question 3

describe structure and function of mitochondria

Answer 3

STRUCTURE - double membrane (inner membrane folded to form cristae)
- matrix contains enzymes for aerobic respiration producing atp , mitochondrial DNA, and ribosomes
FUNCTION-
site of aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells

Question 4

what are 80s and 70s and where is each found

Answer 4

two types of ribsomes (80s ribosomes in eukaryotic cells , 70S in prokaryotic)

Question 5

what are two ways ribsomes are found in a cell

Answer 5

as free ribosomes ( they are site of translation for cellular protein synthesis )
OR
attached to the RER

Question 6

what’s inside prokaryotic cell wall?

Answer 6

peptidoglycan

Question 7

difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 7

in eukaryotes DNA is associated with histone proteins
prokaryotes are smaller ( smaller organelles)
80s ribosomes in eukaryotes 70s in prokaryotes
Membrane bound organelles in eukaryotes
No nuclei in prokaryotes- DNA is circular
prescense if flagellum/ pilli/ mesosomes/plasmids

Question 8

what is the role of capsule and what type of cell is it found

Answer 8

it’s found in prokaryotes - further protection/ prevent dehydration

Question 9

true or false - cell walls are always present in prokaryotes

Answer 9

true

Question 10

true or false - cell walls are always present in eukaryotes

Answer 10

false - only in plant cells

Question 11

what is the role of pilli

Answer 11

helps the cell stick to surfaces / involved in sexual reproduction

Question 12

role of mesosome

Answer 12

Infolded regions of cell surface membrane
involved in aerobic respiration , cell wall formation and DNA replication

Question 13

Difference between saturated and unsaturated fats

Answer 13

saturated has no double bonds -> pack closely together -> solid at room temperature -> strong intermolecular forces

unsaturated fats have one(mono) or more(poly) double bonds -> kinks prevent packing together -> increasing distance between molecules -> weakens intermolecular forces -> liquid at room temp

Question 14

High density lipoprotein ?
How is this good for the body?

Answer 14

When a triglyceride combines with cholesterol and protein to form HDL.

Transport cholesterol from body cells to liver where it’s broken down

Question 15

What is a LDL

Answer 15

Made from triglyceride from saturated fats
and cholesterol and protein.

Blocks receptor sites -> reducing cholesterol absorption
Transport cholestérol to body cells

Question 16

How do LDL contribute to cardiovascular disease

Answer 16

High blood cholesterol levels caused by LDL leads to formation of plaques (casual relationship )