Cell structure

Question 1

What are cells seperated by their surrounding environment by

Answer 1

cell membrane

Question 1

What do Eukaryotic cells have

Answer 1

Eukaryotic cells have organelles contained within their cytoplasm

Question 2

What are organelles

Answer 2

-Organelles are subcellular components where specific proccess take place within the cell

Question 3

What components are present in eukaryotic cells

Answer 3

-Nucleus
-Mitochondria
-Ribosomes
.Plant cells contain the following additional structures
-Cell wall
-Chloroplast
- Permanent Vacuole

Question 4

What is a nucleus

Answer 4

Nucleus- Contains genetic material in chromosomes which controls how cells grow and work it also controls cell division

Question 5

What is a cytoplasm

Answer 5

Cytoplasm- cytoplasm supports cell structure, its the sight of many chemical reactions, contains water and many solutes

Question 6

What is a cell membrane

Answer 6

Cell membrane- Holds the cell together, also controls the substances that enter and leave the cell

Question 7

What is a cell wall

Answer 7

Cell wall- Gives the cell extra support and defines it shape

Question 8

What is a chloroplast

Answer 8

Site of photosynthesis, providing food for the plants. The chlorophyll pigment absorbs light energy needed for the reaction to occur

Question 9

What is a vacuole

Answer 9

Contains cell sap, Used for storage of certain materials, also helps support the shape of the cell

Question 10

What are the mitochondria

Answer 10

Mitochondria - Site of aerobic respiration, providing energy for the cell, cells with higher levels of metabolism(carrying out many different cells reactions ) will have significantly higher numbers of mitochondria than cells with lower number of reactions taking place

Question 11

What are ribosomes

Answer 11

sight of protein production in protein synthesis

Question 12

What is the vesicles

Answer 12

used to safely transports substances from one part of the cell to another

Question 13

What are specialised cells

Answer 13

-Specialised cells are those which have developed certain characteristics in order to perform particular functions. These differences are controlled in the genes on the Nucleus
-Cells specialise by going under differentiation this is the proccess by which cells develop the structure and characteristics needed to able to do to carry out their functions

Question 14

What is an example of a specialised cell in an animal

Answer 14

Sperm cell
Function- reproduction
Adaptions- The head contains genetic material for fertilisation in a haploid nucleus(containing half the number of chromosomes
-The acrosomes in the head contain Digestive enzymes so that sperm can penetrate an egg
-The mid-piece is packed with microconidia to release energy needed to swim and fertilise the egg
-The tail enables the sperm to swim

Question 15

What is an example of a specialised cell in a plant

Answer 15

Root hair cell- The function of the root hair cell is to absorb water and mineral ions from the soil root hair cell adaptions include,
-increased surface area to ensure maximum absorption of water and mineral ions,
-walls are thin to ensure water moves through quickly no chloroplast present

Question 16

What is Cell differentiation

Answer 16

Cell differentiation is an important process by which a cell changes to become specialised
As an organism develops, cells differentiate to form When a cell differentiates, it develops a structure and composition of subcellular structures which enables it to carry out a certain function

Question 17

What is Differentiation and Development

Answer 17

As a multicellular organism develops, its cells differentiate to form specialised cells
Specific cells in various locations throughout the body of an animal retain the ability to differentiate throughout the life of the animal
These undifferentiated cells are called adult stem cells and they are mainly involved in replacing and repairing cells (such as blood or skin cells)
Plants differ from animals in that many types of plant cells retain the ability to fully differentiate throughout the life of a plant, not just in the early stages of development

Question 18

What is a stem cell

Answer 18

A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell of an organism that is capable of dividing to produce many more cells of the same type (undifferentiated stem cells)
In addition, stem cells can also give rise to other cell types through the process of differentiation