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Biology > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the structure of the nucleus

A

-nuclear envelope= double membrane
-nuclear pores
-histone-bound DNA

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2
Q

Describe the function of the nucleus

A

-stores genetic info which codes for polypeptides
-site of DNA replication
-site of transcription (mRNA)
-makes ribosomes/rRNA

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3
Q

describe the structure of a ribosome

A

-made up of rRNA and protein
-not a membrane-bound organelle

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4
Q

describe the function of a ribosome

A

-site of protein synthesis(translation)

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5
Q

describe the structure of rER

A

-proteins embedded on the outside

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6
Q

describe the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

-protein synthesis
-proteins transported inside rER
-packaged into vesicles to golgi apparatus

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7
Q

describe the structure of smooth ER

A
  • no ribosomes attached on outside
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8
Q

describe the function of smooth ER

A

-synthesis and processes lipids

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9
Q

describe the structure of Golgi apparatus and vesicles

A

-apparatus=flattened sacs
-vesicles= small circles

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10
Q

describe the function of golgi apparatus

A

-modifies proteins and lipids
-packages them into vesicles
-produces lysosomes (type of golgi vesicle)

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11
Q

describe the function of golgi vesicles

A

-transports proteins/lipids to their required destination

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12
Q

describe the function of lysosomes

A

-release hydrolytic enzymes (lysozymes)
-to hydrolyse pathogens

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13
Q

describe the structure of mitochondria

A

-outer membrane
-inner membrane fold - cristae
-matrix:
-70s ribosomes
-circular DNA

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14
Q

describe the function of mitochondria

A

-site of aerobic respiration
-to produce ATP for energy release

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15
Q

describe the structure of chloroplasts

A

-double membrane
-stacks of thylakoid called grana
-Stroma:
-70s ribosomes
-circular DNA

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16
Q

describe the function of chloroplasts

A

-absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
-to produce organic substances

17
Q

describe the structure of cell wall

A

-plants/algae= cellulose
-fungi=chitin

18
Q

describe the function of cell wall

A

-provides mechanical strength to cell
-prevent cells changing shape/bursting under pressure

19
Q

describe structure of cell vacuole in plants

A

-cell sap

20
Q

describe the function of cell vacuole

A

-maintains turgor pressure
-cell sap stores sugars and amino acids

21
Q

describe how eukaryotic cells are organised in complex multicellular organisms

A

-tissue, organ, organ system

22
Q

what is tissue?

A

-group of specialised cells with similar structure working together to perform a specific function

23
Q

what is organ

A

-aggregation of tissues performing specific functions

24
Q

what is organ system?

A

-group of organs working together to perform specific functions

Biology (3 decks)

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