cell structure and function Flashcards
1
Q
the cell theory states that:
A
- all living organisms are made of cells
- the cell is the basic unit of life
- all cells come from existing cells
2
Q
what is a prokaryotic cell?
A
- a cell that does not have a nucleus
- example: bacteria
3
Q
what is a eukaryotic cell?
A
- a cell that does have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
- the cells of eukaryotes are much larger than the cells of prokaryotes
- example: plant and animal cells
4
Q
nucleus
A
- control centre of the cell
- surrounded by a double membrane
- contains genetic information to control all cell activity
5
Q
nuclear membrane
A
- protects the contents of the nucleus
6
Q
nucleolus
A
- makes ribosomes
7
Q
nuclear pore
A
- allows materials in and out of the nucleus
8
Q
chromosome
A
- thread like structure in the nucleus
- provided genetic instruction to the code of life
9
Q
cytoplasm
A
- jelly like liquid
- includes cytosol, organelles and other life supporting materials
10
Q
cytosol
A
- the substance surrounding the organelle
- filled with sugar and water where chemical reactions occur
11
Q
cell membrane
A
- boundary of cell, separates insides of the cell from external environment
- protective barrier
- semi permanent: allows certain substances to enter and exit
12
Q
mitochondria/mitochondrion
A
- the powerhouse of the cell
- bound by a double membrane
- has its own strand of DNA
- makes energy for cells through cellular respiration
13
Q
rough endoplasmic reticulum (ED)
A
- is connected to the nucleus
- covered with ribosomes
- cell’s transport system
- transports proteins made by ribosomes on its surface
14
Q
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ED)
A
- no ribosomes
- involved in the forming of lipids, including cholesterol
15
Q
ribosomes
A
- floating free in cytosol or attached to rough ER
- produced in nucleolus
- protein factories
