Cell Surface Structure

Question 1

98% of membrane molecules are ________

Answer 1

Lipids

Question 2

75% of membrane lipids are _____

Answer 2

Phospholipids

Question 3

These parts of the phospholipid face the water on each side of the membrane

Answer 3

Hydrophilic phosphate heads

Question 4

These parts of the phospholipid are directed towards the center, avoiding the water

Answer 4

Hydrophilic tails

Question 5

20% of membrane lipids

Answer 5

Cholestoral

Question 6

Cholesterol does what?

Answer 6

Holds the phospholipids still and can stiffen the membrane

Question 7

5% of the membrane lipids

Answer 7

Glycolipids

Question 8

phospholipids with short carbohydrate chains on extracellular face

Answer 8

Glycolipids

Question 9

Glycolipids contribute to ________ - a carbohydrate coating on cell surface

Answer 9

Glycocalyx

Question 10

__% of the molecules of the membrane are proteins

Answer 10

2%

Question 11

(T/F)Half of the weight of a membrane comes from proteins

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Penetrates the membrane

Answer 12

Integral (integrates) protein

Question 13

Peripheral proteins ____ to face of membrane

Answer 13

Adhere

Question 14

______ Bind chemical signals

Answer 14

Receptors

Question 15

Second messenger systems

Answer 15

Communicate within cell receiving chemical message

Question 16

catalyze reactions including digestion of molecules, production of second messengers

Answer 16

Enzymes

Question 17

allow hydrophilic solutes and water to pass through membrane

Answer 17

Channel proteins

Question 18

Respond to chemical messengers

Answer 18

Ligand gated channels

Question 19

Respond to charge changes

Answer 19

voltage gated channels

Question 20

Respond to physical stress on the cell

Answer 20

Mechanically gated channels

Question 21

Channel proteins are crucial to ________ and ______ function

Answer 21

Nerve and Muscle

Question 22

________ acts as an identification tags. Cell identity markers

Answer 22

Glycoproteins

Question 23

Mechanically link a cell to extracellular material

Answer 23

Cell-adhesion molecules

Question 24

Up to 60% of drugs work through ______ and _______

Answer 24

G Proteins and Second Messengers

Question 25

Describe the creation and role of a second messenger

Answer 25

1. First messenger binds to chemical receptor
2. Receptor activates protein
3. g-protein relays signal to ICF, converts ATP to cAMP(second messenger)
4. cAMP activates some type of intracellular activity

Question 26

What is glycocalyx?

Answer 26

A fuzzy coat exterior to the plasma membrane

Question 27

Are glycocalyx unique to everyone?

Answer 27

Everyone except twins

Question 28

What are the functions of glycocalyx

Answer 28

Protection
Immunity from infections
Defense against cancer
Transplant compatibility
Cell adhesion
Fertilization
Embryonic development

Question 29

Extensions of the membrane

Answer 29

Microvilli

Question 30

What gives a membrane 15-40x more surface area?

Answer 30

Microvilli

Question 31

What is a flagella

Answer 31

Tail of a sperm

Question 32

Undulating, snakelike, corkscrew movement. Only functional cell of this type

Answer 32

Flagella

Question 33

Hairlike process 7-10 um long

Answer 33

Cilia

Question 34

“antenna” for monitoring conditions

Helps with balance in inner ear

Answer 34

Cilia

Question 35

Where are “Multiple nonmotile cilia” found

Answer 35

Sensory cells of the nose

Question 36

Found in respiratory tract, uterine tubes, ventricles of brain, ducts of testes

Answer 36

Motile Cilia