Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

alevel biology ocr > cells > Flashcards

cells Flashcards

1
Q

how are mitochondria similar to prokaryotic cells and how does this provide evidence for endosymbiosis?

A

they have a double membrane, they have DNA genome inside them, are a similar size to prokaryotes, have 70s ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does “pro” mean

A

without

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does “eu” mean

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the difference between ribosomes in pro/eukayryotes?

A

pro- 70S (10-20nm diameter)
eu- 80S (22nm diameter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how is the genetic material organised in a prokaryote

A

genetic material is naked dna as it is not associated with protein, lipids, or any molecule to help protect it. there is no true nucleus and the DNA consists of chromosomal and the plasmid loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are pili and what cells are they on?

A

prokaryotes and they are hair-like extensions that enable adherence to surfaces or mediate bacterial conjugation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the slime capsule?

A

polysaccharide layer used for protection against dessication (drying out) and phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the cell wall made put of in a prokaryote and what is its function

A

peptidoglycan, it is rigid and maintains shape and prevents lysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do flagella do?

A

projection containing motor protein to enable movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where were the earliest signs of life found?

A

hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the ocean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

in eukaryotes how is the dna organised

A

wrapped around histones to form chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the key difference between pro and eu cells

A

eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles and their dna is contained in a membrane bound nucleus whereas prokaryotic cells dont have membrane organelles and have no true nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

do prokaryotes have a nuclear envelope

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

do eukaryotes have a nuclear envelope

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

do eukaryotes have flagella

A

sometimes present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

do prokaryotes have golgi

A

no

17
Q

do eukarytoes have golgi

A

yes

18
Q

do eukaryotes have a cell wall

A

sometimes (PLANT CELLS)

19
Q

average diameter of pro and eu cell

A

pro- 0.5-5um
eu- 10-100um

20
Q

explain why eukaryotes were able to grow more quickly than cells that did not possess mitochondria (3)

A
  • they carried out aerobic respiration
  • to convert oxygen to ATP
  • which was used for processes like active transport, cell division and protein synthesis.
  • faster metabolic rate, processes and reactions
21
Q

what is a peroxisome

A

a type of lysosome which acts as a “dustbin” for peroxide

22
Q

what is chromatin

A

what we can see inside a nucleus when it is too dark to see the chromosomes

23
Q

what does the smooth er do

A

produces fats and steroid hormones like testosterone and oestrogen, secretes lipids and carbohydrates

24
Q

what do lysosomes do

A

responsible for returning amino acids to the system, dismantling and recycling substances

25
Q

what are vesicles and what do they do

A

packets of chemicals e.g enzymes to transport substances to lysosomes, plasma membrane or outside the cell

26
Q

role of rer

A

involved in some protein production (as studded with ribosomes), folding, quality control and dispatch of substances eg packages them into vesicles

27
Q

role of golgi apparatis

A

receives proteins and lipids from er. modifies, sorts, concentrates, and transprts to vesicles. as well as makes vesicles.

28
Q

what are centrioles

A

microtubules that form a cylinder. part of the cytoskeleton and in the centrosome

29
Q

what is cytosol and what does it do

A

the intercellular fluid, not including the contents of the cell and within the organelles, it cushions and acts as a chemical medium. it is made out of water salts and proteins.

30
Q

what is the role of the cytoskeleton

A

to support the cells
hold organelles in place
allows cells to change shape in endo and exocytosis
facilitates movement of organelles
makes up centrioles

31
Q

what are the components of the cytoskeleton

A

microfilaments
microtubules
intermediate filaments

32
Q

what are microfilaments made of

A

they are made up of actin

33
Q

what are microtubules made up of

A

they are made up of globular tubular proteins that form tubes

34
Q

what do intermediate filaments do

A

they give the cell strength

35
Q

what are centrioles made of

A

microtubules

36
Q

what is the function of centrioles

A

to assemble and organise spindle fibres during cell division

37
Q

how do prokaryotes divide

A

binary fission

38
Q
A

alevel biology ocr (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions