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Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What features does a plant cell have?

A 
Ribosomes 
Nucleus 
Cell wall
Permanent vacuole 
Mitochondria 
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane 
Chloroplasts
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2
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

Controls passage of substances in and out of cell

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3
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

Protein synthesis takes place, where protein is made

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4
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

Liquid gel where chemical reactions for life would take place

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5
Q

What does the nucleus do?

A

Contains genes and chromosomes, control centre of the cell

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6
Q

What do mitochondria do?

A

Structures in the cytoplasm, where oxygen is used and energy is released during respiration

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7
Q

What do chloroplasts do?

A

For photosynthesis, contain chloroplasts

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8
Q

What does the permanent vacuole do?

A

Filled with cell sap to keep the plant stop

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9
Q

Cell wall

A

Made of cellulose that strengthens the cell and gives support

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10
Q

What features are in a yeast cell?

A

Nucleus
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane

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11
Q

What features are in a bacteria cell?

A 
Flagella 
plasmids 
Cell wall 
Slime capsule 
Cell membrane 
Cytoplasm 
Genetic material
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12
Q

What features does an animal cell have?

A 
Cell membrane 
Ribosomes 
Cytoplasm 
Nucleus 
Mitochondria
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13
Q

What parts of a plant cell are not found in an animal cell?

A

Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Vacuole

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14
Q

What are the three types of organism?

A

Bacteria, fungi, virus

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15
Q

How can bacteria be useful to people?

A

They can be used to make food
Used in digestion
Used in medicines and penicillin

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16
Q

How is genetic material different in a bacteria cell to yeast, plant and animal cells?

A

In bacteria the genetic material is not contained in the nucleus, but roams freely in the cytoplasm, in circular forms of plasmids

17
Q

Why are some people resistant to antibiotics?

A

As more people want antibiotics, for less serious infections, the bacteria have evolved via natural selection and mutations into more harmful versions of themselves, which are immune to antibiotics and other medicines.

18
Q

Yeast cell anaerobic respiration

A

Glucose => ethanol + carbon dioxide + little energy

19
Q

How do yeast cells reproduce?

A

They use the process of asexual budding where a new cell grows into a bud on the parent cell and eventually breaks off. The growth rate of yeast population depends on the availability of a number of factors eg temperature. The production of yeast doubles in every increase of 10 degrees until optimism temp.

20
Q

Yeast aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen => carbon dioxide + water + energy

21
Q

Why is yeast useful?

A

Can change sugar into carbon dioxide gas and alcohol

Useful for baking and making beer

22
Q

Define plasmids

A

A genetic structure in a bacteria cell that contains chromosomes - it roams freely in the cytoplasm.

23
Q

Define fermentation

A

The chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeast, or other microorganisms, typically involving the giving off of heat.

24
Q

Define asexual budding

A

A form of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from one outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site.

25
Q

Why is a root hair cell adapted?

A

Takes in water from its surroundings
Has a large surface area
Strong to keep the plant secure
Spread out very far

26
Q

Why is a sperm cell adapted?

A

Fertilisation
Has a tail for easy swimming
Head for burrowing into the egg cell

27
Q

What do neurones do?c

A

Carries info to the brain
Long and thin
Forms connections with electrical impulses

28
Q

Fat cells?

A

Stores energy
Keep us warm
Little cytoplasm and mitochondria
Expand up to 1000x

29
Q

Guard cell?

A 
Half circle 
Found in pairs 
Close when full of water 
Open to lose water 
Allows gas exchange
30
Q

Palisade cell?

A

Large surface area
Many tightly packed chloroplasts
Photosynthesis to produce food

31
Q

Root hair cells?

A

Thin membrane
Large surface area
Let water and nutrients into the plant

32
Q

Red blood cell

A 
Large surface area 
Small diameter 
No nucleus 
Contain haemoglobin
Carry oxygen around the body
33
Q

Cone cell?

A

Light sensitive
Layer of retina
Contain visual pigment that triggers impulse
Sends optic impulses to the brain

34
Q

Sperm cells?

A

Large nucleus
Long tail and flagella
Large head
Fertilisation

35
Q

Where do enzymes exist?

A

In the cytoplasm

Biology (3 decks)

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