Cells And Organisms - Section 1

Question 1

Name the parts of a cell that can only be found in a plant?

Answer 1

-Cell wall
-Vacuole
-Chloroplasts
-Ribosomes

Question 2

Name the parts of a cell that can be found in both plant and animal cells (common to both)?

Answer 2

-cell membrane
- nucleus
-mitochondria
-cytoplasm

Question 3

In which part of the cell do most chemical reactions take place?

Answer 3

Cytoplasm ( a gel like substance)

Question 4

What is t(e structure and function of the nucleus of a cell?

Answer 4

It is a small circular structure which contains the genetic information for the cell to do it’s job (DNA, chromosomes and genes)

Question 5

What is the structure and function of the cell membrane?

Answer 5

It flexible structure which surrounds the cell and holds it together. It controls what exits and enters the cell.

Question 6

Where does respiration occur in a Cell?

Answer 6

Mitochondria, a small oval structure found in the cytoplasm.

Question 7

What is the cell wall made of in plants and animals?

Answer 7

Cellulose, it is a rigid outer structure which provides support for the cell.

Question 8

What is a vacuole?

Answer 8

A large section in the middle of plant cells which is filled with cell sap (a weak solution of salt and sugar). It gives support to the cell.

Question 9

Which substance found in chloroplast is required for photosynthesis?

Answer 9

Chlorophyll

Question 10

Give 4 examples of specialised cells found in either planet or animal cells or both? Describe how their structure is adapted to its function?

Answer 10

-sperm cell: small and streamlined and has many mitochondria to quickly find an egg cell (A)

• egg cell: large contains a large energy store for the young organisms when fertilised (A/P)

-ciliated cell: contains tiny hair like structures to remove dirt and bacteria (A)

• red blood cell: biconcave and has no nucleus to increase the surface area for oxygen absorption (A)
• palisade cell: contains many chloroplasts full of chlorophyll for photosynthesis (P)
• root hair cell: long root hairs to absorb as much water as possible

Question 11

What is the term used to describe how cells come together to make up tissues and organisms?

Answer 11

Organisation

Question 12

Define a tissue?

Answer 12

A group of identical specialised cells, in the same place, working together and performing the same function.

Question 13

How are organs made up?

Answer 13

By groups of different tissues, in the same place, performing the same function e.g. the lungs

Question 14

How is an organ system formed?

Answer 14

An organ system is formed by a group of different organs working together to complete the same function.

Question 15

Name the 5 main groups of unicellular organisms?

Answer 15

1. Bacteria
2. Protozoa
3. Fungi
4. Algae
5. Archaea

Question 16

A single bacterial cell has to carry out all of the functions of multicellular organisms, name 3 adaptations that allow them to do this?

Answer 16

1.Flagellum - helps them move
2.Plasmid - Carries extra genetic information that helps them adapt if the environment changes.
3. Cell wall - gives the cell structure