Cells And Tissues

Question 1

What is a cell?

Answer 1

The basic unit of living materials and organs

Question 2

What is the Cytoplasm?

Answer 2

A semi-fluid material in the cell, this is where chemical reactions happen the collective term is metabolism.

Question 3

What is the nucleus and what does it contain?

Answer 3

The brain of the cell it controls all operations, it contains DNA.

Question 4

Name the organelles of a (human) cell

Answer 4

Centrioles, Mitochondria,smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes

Question 5

Role and function of the Centrioles

Answer 5

Organelles that play an important role in cell divisions

Question 6

Role and Function of the Mitochondria

Answer 6

They are spherical shaped bodies scattered in the cytoplasm they are in charge of energy release.

Question 7

Role and Function of the Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

Studded with tiny black bodies (ribosomes) it makes cell proteins and acts as temporary storage

Question 8

Role and function of the smooth ER

Answer 8

Involved in metabolism of lipids or fats (no ribosomes)

Question 9

Role and Function of Ribosomes

Answer 9

They manufacture proteins as instructed by the DNA in the nucleus important for growth and repair of the cell

Question 10

Role and Function of the Golgi Apparatus

Answer 10

Responsible for packaging proteins for delivery to other organelles looks a stack of flattened cisternae and associated vesicles

Question 11

Role and Function of Lysosomes (Part 1)

Answer 11

Contain enzymes capable of digesting major chemical components of living cells, they travel in the cell and release their contents to destroy old or damaged organelles

Question 12

Role and Function of lysosomes (Part 2)

Answer 12

They can also destroy bacteria that enters the cell.

Question 13

What are the 4 types of tissue?

Answer 13

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous.

Question 14

What is Epithelial tissue?

Answer 14

It is a thin protective layer of compactly packed cells with a little intercellular matrix.

Question 15

What types of simple epithelia are there?

Answer 15

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar or ciliated

Question 16

Functions and Role of simple epithelia

Answer 16

Chief function is ti allow for materias to pass through diffusion or osmosis

Question 17

Where are the simple squamous epithelia found?

Answer 17

In the walls of the lung alveoli, blood capillaries, Bowmans capillaries of nephrons

Question 18

Where are the cuboidal epithelia found?

Answer 18

In the Kidney tubules, sweat ducts, thyroid gland and breast tissue

Question 19

What are columnar epithelia?

Answer 19

Columnar epithelial cells are much taller they can be associated with cilia and they are then called ciliated epithelia.

Question 20

Where are they found?

Answer 20

In the trachea and bronchi and in the villi in the small intestine.

Question 21

What are compound epithelia?

Answer 21

They protect deeper structures and multiple layers of cells: they are in the vagina, mouth, tongue and oesophagus.

Question 22

Why is blood red?

Answer 22

They are packed with haemoglobin.

Question 23

What are white blood cells and what is their role?

Answer 23

They are able to change their shape and engulf foreign material such as bacteria. They process is known as phagocytosis.

Question 24

What are Lymphocytes and what do they do? Part 1

Answer 24

Lymphocytes are smaller blood cells they are found in the lymph, they assist in production of antibodies. They act as identity markers for different types of pathogen.

Question 25

What are lymphocytes and what do they do? Part 2

Answer 25

There are two types of lymphocytes T cells and B cells. T cells destroy the bodies own cells that have been affected by a virus. B cells produce antibodies to attack.

Question 26

What are monocytes?

Answer 26

Another type of white blood cell- they efficient at phagocytosis.