cells & control

Question 1

mitosis creates what

Answer 1

two identical diploid cells

Question 2

what happens in interphase

Answer 2

copies of the sub-cellular structures and the chromosomes are produced

Question 3

what is the order of mitosis

Answer 3

Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

Question 4

what happens in prophase

Answer 4

chromosomes condense (coil up tightly)

Question 5

what happens in metaphase

Answer 5

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Question 6

what happens in anaphase

Answer 6

the two sets of chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell

Question 7

what happens in telophase

Answer 7

the nucleus splits to form two new nuclei

Question 8

what happens in cytokinesis

Answer 8

cytoplasm splits and a new cell membrane forms around the two individual cells

Question 9

what is the name of the tumor that:
can invade and spread throughout the body
stays in one part of the body and is harmless

Answer 9

malignant

benign

Question 10

what is asexual reproduction

Answer 10

reproducing with only one parent, creating clones that are genetically identical to the parent

Question 11

what and where are the stages of plant growth

Answer 11

zone of cell division (near tip of root)
zone of elongation (further up the root)
zone of differentiation (even further up the root)

Question 12

if 80% of babies of the same age weigh the same or more, a baby is in the __ percentile

Answer 12

20th

Question 13

what do you use to measure growth in plants

Answer 13

leaf surface area, height and mass

Question 14

what is xylem

Answer 14

one of the two transport tissues in plants, it conducts water and dissolves nutrients

Question 15

what happens when a cell differentiates

Answer 15

it becomes a different type of body cell

Question 16

where can you find stem cells in human adults

Answer 16

bone marrow and blood, these stem cells differentiate into fewer cell types than embryo stem cells

Question 17

what is the function of stem cells in bone marrow

Answer 17

to replace damaged tissues/cells

Question 18

what can stem cells treat

Answer 18

diabetes, paralysis, arthritis, burn injuries, parkinson’s disease

Question 19

what are some issues with stem cell transplants

Answer 19

cancers from uncontrolled division, rejection of the stem cells by the immune system, viral infections, ethical beliefs with taking stem cells from embryos

Question 20

what is therapeutic cloning

Answer 20

when a genetic clone of the patient is created as an embryo so that its stem cells can be used on the patient’s body, meaning their body will not reject the stem cells

Question 21

what’s another way of saying that a graph ‘levels off’

Answer 21

plateaus

Question 22

what is the cns made up of

Answer 22

the brain and the spinal cord

Question 23

what is a stimulus

Answer 23

anything your body is sensitive to (changes in your body or surroundings)

Question 24

what do sense organs contain

Answer 24

receptor cells to detect stimuli

Question 25

what happens when the eye sees an object

Answer 25

impulses from the receptor cells in the eye are transmitted by sensory neurones in the optic nerve to the brain, the brain processes these impulses and sees the object

Question 26

what is the direction of impulse through a sensory neurone

Answer 26

dendrite -> dendron -> cell body -> axon -> axon terminal

Question 27

what is the purpose of the myelin sheath in a sensory neurone

Answer 27

insulates the impulse

it also makes the impulse jump between the gaps in the myelin so that it speeds up neurotransmission

Question 28

what are some examples of effectors

Answer 28

muscles and glands

Question 29

what do motor neurones do

Answer 29

carry impulses to effectors

Question 30

what is a relay neurone

Answer 30

a short neurone found in the spinal cord, they link motor and sensory neurones, they do not have a denron so the dendrites are attached to the cell body

Question 31

what is the reflex arc

Answer 31

the pathway taken by the electrical impulse to move signals from the receptors to the effectors