Cells Of The Nervous System And Neurotransmitters Of Synapses

Question 1

Neurons

Answer 1

Types of nerve cells

Question 2

3 Types Of Neurons

Answer 2

Sensory, inter and motor neurons

Question 3

Neuron Structure

Answer 3

Dendrites - cell body - axon

Question 4

Dendrites

Answer 4

Fibres that receive nerve impulses and pass them to the cell body

Question 5

Cell Body

Answer 5

Contains the nucleus and most of the cytoplasm, it is the control centre of the cells metabolism and contains ribosomes

Question 6

Axon

Answer 6

A single nerve fibre that carries nerve impulses away from a cell body to the next neuron

Question 7

Myelin Sheath

Answer 7

Insulates the axon and increases the speed of impulse conduction

Question 8

Myelination

Answer 8

Process by which myelin is made - occurs from birth to adolescence

Question 9

Glial Cells

Answer 9

Produce the myelin sheath and support neurons

Question 10

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 10

Disease that destroys the myelin sheath causing a loss of coordination

Question 11

Synapse

Answer 11

Gap between neurons

Question 12

Synaptic Cleft

Answer 12

Places where neurons connect with other neurons or muscle fibres

Question 13

Presynaptic neuron

Answer 13

Nerve cell before the synaptic cleft

Question 14

Postsynaptic neuron

Answer 14

Nerve cells after the synaptic cleft

Question 15

Neurotransmitters

Answer 15

Chemical messengers that relay the impulses across the synaptic cleft

Question 16

NT examples

Answer 16

Acetylcholine
Noradrenaline

Question 17

Vesicles

Answer 17

Contains NT’s at the presynaptic neuron ensuring impulses are allowing transmitted in one direction only

Question 18

Receptors

Answer 18

Found in the postsynaptic neuron determine whether the signal is excitatory or inhibitory

Question 19

NT removal

Answer 19

NT must be removed from the synaptic cleft straight after the impulse has been transmitted to prevent continuous stimulation of post synaptic neurons
Removal occurs by Enzyme degradation or Re - Uptake

Question 20

Enzyme Degradation

Answer 20

Enzymes break down the neurotransmitters into non-active products which are reabsorbed by the pre synaptic neuron and resynthesized into the active neurotransmitter

Question 21

Reuptake of NTs

Answer 21

Some neurotransmitters are reasorbed directly by the pre synptic membrane that secreted them and are stored in a vesicle ready for re use

Question 22

NT threshold

Answer 22

A minimum number of neurotransmitters molecules must attach to receptors in order to reach the threshold on the postsynaptic membrane to transmit the impulse

Question 23

Summation

Answer 23

When a series of weak stimuli from several neurons can release enough neurotransmitter to trigger an impulse

Question 24

Endorphins

Answer 24

Neurotransmitters that stimulate neurons involved in reducing the intensity of pin - they act as natural painkillers

Question 25

Endorphins Production

Answer 25

Increases the response to-
serve injury, prolonged and continous exercise, stress, certain foods

Question 26

Endorphins linked to

Answer 26

Increases levels of endorphins are linked to feelings of pleasure gained from :-
eating, sex and prolonged exercise

Question 27

Dopamine

Answer 27

A neurotransmitter that induces the feeling of pleasure and reinforces particular behavior by activating the reward pathway in the brain

Question 28

Reward Pathway

Answer 28

-Involves neurons which secrete or respond to dopamine
-activated when an individual engages in a behavior that is beneficial to them

Question 29

NT Disorders

Answer 29

Alzeimer’s disease and Parkinsins dieases

Question 30

Drugs to treat NT Disorders

Answer 30

Agonists or antagonists

Question 31

Agonists

Answer 31

Chemicals that bind to and stimulate specific receptors minicking the action of a neurotransmitter at a synapse

Question 32

Antagonists

Answer 32

Chemicals that bind to specific receptors blocking the action of a neurotransmitter at a synapse

Question 33

Drug Inhibitors

Answer 33

Act by inhitbitng the enzymes that degrade neurotransmitters or by inhibiting the reuptake if the NT at the synapse

Question 34

Recreational Drugs

Answer 34

When people may choose to alter their state of consciousness by using

Question 35

Impact of Recreational Drugs

Answer 35

Can alter
-Mood
-Cognition
-Perception
-Behaviour

Question 36

Drug Addiction

Answer 36

Can be defined as a chronic disease that causes the sufferer craves more of the drug, caused by drugs that act as ANTAGONISTS as they block receptors causing an increase in number and sensitivity of receptors

Question 37

Drug Tolerance