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Wired Less > Cellular Systems > Flashcards

Cellular Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are cells?

A

Its space divided

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2
Q

BS?

A

Base Station

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3
Q

What is Base Station responsible for?

A

To communicate with host in its cell.

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4
Q

MS?

A

Mobile Stations

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5
Q

What are Mobile Stations responsible for?

A

Can change cells while communicating

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6
Q

Handover?

A

Occurs when a mobile host starts communicating via a new base station

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7
Q

Roaming?

A

Is allowed in different service area

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8
Q

Main elements of a cellular System?

A

Physical

  • User equipment
  • Radio Access Network (RAN)
  • Core Network

Logical
- Air Interface

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9
Q

Two elements of MS?

A

Mobile Terminal (MT)

  • Interface with the user
  • Air interface to the BSS

Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
- Smart card issued by the service provider

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10
Q

BSS?

A

Base Station Sub-System

Translates between the air interface and the fixed wired infrastructure protocols.

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11
Q

Two Components of BSS?

A

Base Transceiver Station

Base Station Controller

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12
Q

BTS?

A

Is the counterpart of MS for physical communication over the air interface.

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13
Q

Components of BTS?

A

Transmitter
Receiver
Signaling equipment

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14
Q

What is controls a group of BTS?

A

BSC

reduces burder of MSC

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15
Q

What does BSC do?

A

BSC manages radio related functions

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16
Q

What services does BSC provide?

A

Handoff
Radio channel assignment
Transcoding

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17
Q

NSS?

A

Network Switching Sub-System

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18
Q

What does NSS do?

A

Responsible for network operation

It provides communication

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19
Q

NSS components?

A 
Mobile Switching Center
Visitor Location Register
Home Location Register
Authentication Center
Equipment Identification Register
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20
Q

MSC?

A

Mobile Switching Centre

Provides the network the specific information on the status of the MSs

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21
Q

Functions of MSC?

A

Charging for billing
Handling supplementary services like SMS
Communication with the databases
Controlling of the BSC

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22
Q

HLR?

A

Home Location Register

A database that handles the management of all the subscribers account of a particular operator.

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23
Q

What does HLR store?

A 
ID
Subscriber address
Current location
Forwarding address
Authentication keys
Billing information
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24
Q

VLR?

A

Temporary database identifying the subscribers visiting the coverage area of an MSC
1 vlr for every MSC
Assigns temporary ID

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25
Q

AUC?

A

Authentication Centre
Auth for user trying to access network
Holds algorithms used for auth and encryption
Different SIMs have different algorithms

26
Q

EIR?

A 
Equipment Register
Contains MT identity information
IMEI
Blocks call from stolen ME
Implementation non mandatory
27
Q

GSM Air Interface?

A

Duplex separation is 45Mhz
25mhz is divided in to 124 channels
Each frequency channel is 200 kHz wide
8 time slots per frequency channel

28
Q

GPRS?

A

General Packet Radio Service
First in packet market
Always on
Usage based charging

29
Q

New Elements of GPRS Architecture?

A

SGSN
GGSN
PCU

30
Q

SGSN?

A

Serving GPRS Support Node

This forms a gateway to the services within the network.

31
Q

GGSN?

A

Gateway GPRS Support Node

Forms the gateway to the outside world.

32
Q

PCU?

A

Packet Control Unit

Which differentiates whether data is to be routed to the packet switched or circuit switched networks.

33
Q

Functions of SGNS?

A

Packet switching
Routing and Transfer
Mobility management
Authentication

34
Q

Functions of GGNS?

A

Routing
Tunneling
PDP conversion.

35
Q

MSISDN?

A

Number which uniquely identifies a mobile telephone subscription

36
Q

MSISDN formula?

A

MSISDN = CC + NDC + SN

CC = Country Code
NDC = National Destination Code
SN = Subscriber Number
37
Q

IMSI?

A

International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)
Uniquely identifies a subscriber
Max length 15digits

38
Q

IMSI formula?

A 
IMSI = MCC + MNC + MSIN
MCC = Mobile Country Code (3 Digits)
MNC = Mobile Network Code (2digits)
MSIN = Mobile Subscriber Identification Number (Max 10 digits)
39
Q

TMSI?

A

Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity

40
Q

IMEI?

A

International Mobile Station Equipment Identity

15 digits

41
Q

Mobility Management?

A

The tetherless nature of the mobile network demands mobility management

42
Q

Mobility Management in static network?

A

End terminals are fixed

Identity translates directly to the location of the destination terminal

43
Q

Two parts of Mobility Management?

A

Location Management

Handoff Management

44
Q

Location Management?

A

in MN the destination terminal may be anywhere within network

Location Management refers to the activities performed by the wireless network to keep track of the mobile terminal.

45
Q

3 Major parts of Location Management?

A

Location Update
Paging
Location Information Exchange

46
Q

Location Update?

A

When identifier changes the MS transmits an update message indicating the new identity
Static LA updating is vulnerable to the ping-pong effect.

47
Q

Paging?

A

Network needs to page an MS in such a group of cells.

is PCH

48
Q

Location Information?

A

The information of the database is used to

  • Generate a paging request
  • Deliver the message or
  • Set up a channel for a voice call
49
Q

Home database is termed as?

A

Home Location Register

50
Q

Home Database keeps track of?

A 
Mobile Identification
Auth. keys
Subscriber profiles
Accounting
Location
51
Q

GSM uses what?

A

HLR and VLR

52
Q

VLR?

A

Visitor Location Register

keeps track of MSs in its serving area

53
Q

Handoff Management?

A

Refers to the activities performed by the wireless network to transfer one point of access to the infrastructure to another point as the MS changes location

54
Q

Classification of handoff?

A

Hard Handoff

Soft Handoff

55
Q

Hard Handoff?

A

MS breaks the connection with the old BS completely before connecting to the new BS

56
Q

Soft Handoff?

A

MS is simultaneously connected to two BS during the handoff

57
Q

Handoff Control?

A

NCHO
MCHO
MAHO

58
Q

NCHO?

A

Network Controller Handoff

Located in a network entity

59
Q

MCHO?

A

Handoff control is located in the MS

Most WLAN handoffs

60
Q

MAHO?

A

Mobile Assisted Handoff
Handoff control is located in a network entity but it makes the decision based on the info sent by the ms
Cellular systems use this

61
Q

3 security algorithms in GSM?

A

A3: For auth
A5: For encryption
A8: Used to create secrete key

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