Census and Age Structure

Question 1

Population (empirical population defintion)

Answer 1

collection of people alive at a specified point in time who meet certain criteria

Question 2

Population (conceptual population definition)

Answer 2

collectivity of people that persists over time even though its members are always changing

Question 3

Important characteristics of populations

Answer 3

size, composition, distribution, dynamics (changes over time)

Question 4

Growth balance equation

Answer 4

PopulationT2 = populationT1 + B - D + I - O

Question 5

What do I and O stand for in the population migration equation

Answer 5

In migration and out migration

Question 6

Natural increase/decrease

Answer 6

B - D (babies born - deaths)

Question 7

Net migration

Answer 7

I - O

Question 8

Demographic rates

Answer 8

a fraction to measure events (only applicable to the empirical definition of population)

Question 9

How to set up a demographic rate

Answer 9

Numerator: What event are we measuring and over what time period
Denominator: Who is at risk of experiencing an event

Question 10

Person years of exposure

Answer 10

the population’s amount of exposure to the risk of the event

Question 11

Rate of population growth

Answer 11

(P2 - P1)/P1

Question 12

Crude birth rate

Answer 12

births/P1

Question 13

Crude death rate

Answer 13

deaths/P1

Question 14

Rate of net migration

Answer 14

(I-O)/P1

Question 15

Goal of the census

Answer 15

gain a full count of the alive population on a specific date

Question 16

What are the impacts of the census

Answer 16

allocation of representatives, allocation of federal funding

Question 17

Problems with data collection for the census

Answer 17

bias (statistical errors, not beliefs), response rates, only head of households fill out the form, undercounted populations

Question 18

Vital registration system

Answer 18

formal, bureaucratic system for recording births and deaths

Question 19

Excess mortality

Answer 19

compare expected to observed number of deaths (regardless of causes)

Question 20

P score of mortality

Answer 20

the difference between expected and actual percentages of deaths

Question 21

Error of closure

Answer 21

X, people who were missed during the counting leading to errors in data

Question 22

Population age structure

Answer 22

the number of people in the population at a certain age

Question 23

Population pyramids

Answer 23

Breaks the population down by age and sex, a visual

Question 24

Abridged population pyramid

Answer 24

combines age into 5 year increments, most common

Question 25

Features of young population pyramids

Answer 25

curved inwards and skinny

Question 26

Features of mature population pyramids

Answer 26

smaller at the bottom than in the middle/top, relative same birth rate each year

Question 27

Features of old population pyramids

Answer 27

birth cohorts are similar in size and improving survival at several ages

Question 28

Features of undercut population pyramids

Answer 28

more recent birth cohorts are smaller than previous

Question 29

Features of declining population pyramids

Answer 29

have a sustained undercut (birth cohorts are getting smaller)

Question 30

Features of unimodal population pyramids

Answer 30

one age is much more prevalent than the others, could be from college towns, military towns

Question 31

Baby boom echo

Answer 31

there are more people having babies at a certain age due to the original baby boom leading to an echo

Question 32

Features of slow growth population pyramids

Answer 32

column shape that is smaller at the top

Question 33

Features of negative growth population pyramids

Answer 33

narrowing, undercut base of the pyramid

Question 34

Dependency ratio

Answer 34

the ratio of dependents (0-15; >64) to working class

Question 35

Demographic dividend

Answer 35

a period when the labor force grows much more than the demographic that depends on it

Question 36

Demographic implosion

Answer 36

a lot of resources going to care and not other resources so many people need to take care of the elderly

Question 37

Population projection

Answer 37

Using information about past population patterns and applying it to current population numbers

Question 38

Cohort component projection

Answer 38

an extension of the super basic population projections on specific cohorts of people (usually age specific)

Question 39

Social statistics infrastructure

Answer 39

Features in society that benefit social welfare such as weather warnings and economic forecasts