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Cyber 100 > Central Processing Unit (CPU) > Flashcards

Central Processing Unit (CPU) Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the computer is built around the CPU?

A

the system architecture

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2
Q

a path or channel between a computer’s CPU and the devices it manages, such as memory and I/O devices

A

a bus

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3
Q

the chip that performs the actual computational and logic work

A

the CPU

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4
Q

Most client computers have one chip and are referred to as?

A

single-processor computers

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5
Q

the part of a CPU that reads and executes machine code

A

a processor core

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6
Q

has two or more cores

A

a multicore processor

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7
Q

CPUs are manufactured on a silicon wafer called?

A

a die

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8
Q

have multiple physical CPU chips

A

Multiprocessor computers

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9
Q

When power is applied to the CPU, it begins reading data from a memory address called?

A

the reset vector

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10
Q

an address that a CPU begins reading from whenever the CPU receives a reset signal

A

the reset vector

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11
Q

the data found at the address of the ____ is loaded
into the CPU’s program counter and is used as the address where the CPU will begin program execution

A

the reset vector

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12
Q

a register on a CPU that contains the address of the next instruction the CPU will execute

A

program counter

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13
Q

What part of the CPU is responsible for reading and executing machine code?

A

core

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14
Q

provides timing and coordination between other parts of the CPU

A

control unit

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15
Q

performs the primary task of executing instructions

A

Arithmetic Logic Unit ALU ie. logic gate

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16
Q

a temporary holding location where data must be placed before the CPU can use it

A

register

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17
Q

intercepts access to memory for data or code and checks if the requested data is in the cache first

A

memory/cache controller

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18
Q

A series of lanes used to communicate between the CPU and other major parts of the computer

A

system bus

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19
Q

carries status signals between the CPU and other devices

A

control bus

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20
Q

carries address signals to indicate where data should be read or written to in the system’s memory

A

address bus

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21
Q

carries the actual data that is being read from or written to system memory

A

data bus

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22
Q

CPUs can be classified by hardware elements?

A

− Architecture
− Clock speed
− Cache
− Address bus
− Data bus
− Control bus
− CPU scheduling

23
Q

Two general CPU designs are used today?

A

−Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC)
−Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC)

24
Q

differences between the CISC and RISC

A
  • number of different instructions the chip can process
    -CISC CPUs are generally more complex
    −Clock cycles
  • CISC CPUs have fewer registers than a RISC CPU
25
Q

a list of commands the CPU can understand and carry out

A

instruction set

26
Q

the ability of the CPU to perform more than one task on a single clock cycle

A

pipelining

27
Q

a small program inside the chip that interprets and executes each instruction

A

microcode

28
Q

a computer program that takes a high-level language and turns it into assembly code that is executed by the CPU

A

compiler

29
Q

An assembler turns those instructions into numeric values called?

A

opcodes

30
Q

the speed at which a CPU executes an instruction or part of an instruction

A

internal clock

31
Q

the speed of a CPU defines?

A

how fast it can perform operations

32
Q

the CPU must be able to communicate with other chips in the computer what does it use to communicate with the rest of the computer?

A

external clock speed

[runs slower than internal clock speed]

33
Q

Because the internal clock is faster than the external clock, the CPU has to ?

A

wait on information to arrive from other parts of the computer

34
Q

Most modern CPUs have ___ built into the chip

A

cache memory

35
Q

While the CPU is executing program code, instructions, or data that are most
likely to be used next are fetched from the main memory and placed in ___?

A

the cache memory

36
Q

the different levels of cache?

A

−Level 1 (L1) cache is the fastest and usually runs at the same speed as the
CPU
−Level 2 (L2) cache is slower than L1, but much larger
−Level 3 (L3) cache, until the last several years, was not part of the CPU
chip, but part of the motherboard
−Level 4 (L4) cache will usually be found on the motherboard (if it exists)

37
Q

predicts what data will be needed and makes the data available in the cache before it is needed

A

cache controller

38
Q

an internal communications pathway that specifies the source and target addresses for memory reads and writes

A

address bus

39
Q

the adress bus typically runs?

A

at the external clock speed of the CPU

40
Q

allows computer components, such as the CPU, display adapter, and main memory, to share information

A

data bus

41
Q

Information is transported on the ____ to keep the CPU informed about the status of resources and devices connected to the computer

A

control bus

42
Q

Memory read and write status is transported on this bus, as well as interrupt requests (IRQ)

A

the control bus

43
Q

a request to the processor to “interrupt” whatever it is doing to take care of a process, which in turn might be interrupted by another process

A

interrupt request

44
Q

determines which process to start given the multiple processes waiting to run

A

CPU scheduling

45
Q

the ability to run two or more processes (known as threads) at the same time

A

multithreading

46
Q

the smallest piece of computer code that can be independently scheduled for execution

A

thread

47
Q

allows two threads to run on each CPU core
simultaneously

A

hyperthreading

48
Q

The ability of the CPU to perform more than one task on a single clock cycle is known as?

A

pipelining

49
Q

the description of a CPU’s internal circuitry, defining characteristics such as the technology used to create the chip, the supported
instruction set, and the bit size

A

microarchitecture

50
Q

manufactures processors that compete with Intel’s line of processors

A

AMD

51
Q

which processors tend to cost less for similar performance and are easier to overclock

A

AMD

52
Q

the ability to run a processor faster than its stated clock speed

A

overclocking

53
Q

RISC processors are commonly used in mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets

A

Advanced RISC Machines (ARM) processors

54
Q

which processors are used in embedded systems and are starting to be used in notebook computers

A

ARM-based processors

Cyber 100 (7 decks)

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