Cephalosporins Flashcards
Information
largest antibiotic class > 20
Bactericidal, bind to bacterial cell wall, inhibit cell wall synthesis
usually treat gram negative microbes
primary use
lower respiratory tract, CNS, GU, bones, blood and joints
adverse effect
adverse effects similar to PCN
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, superinfections, oral (white patches in the mouth) & vaginal candidiasis (fungal opportunistic infection)
Allergy: Rash & fever common signs. Several days
Hemolytic anemia, thrombophlebitis with IV
1-7% w/allergy to PCN, also allergic to cephalosporins
share a similar molecular structure
both have beta-lactam rings
contraindications
patients with severe allergic reaction to PCN
generic names
Generics start with “cef”:
cefepime (Maxipime), cefaclor (Ceclor), cefotetan (Cefotan), cefoxitin (Mefoxin), cefprozil (Cefzil), cefuroxime (Ceftin, Zinacef), cefadroxil (Duricef), cefazolin (Ancef, Kefzol), cefotaxime (Claforan), cefpodoxime (Vantin), ceftazidime (Fortaz, Tazicef), ceftriaxone (Rocephin), ceftaroline (Teflaro)
cefazolin (Ancef)
cefazolin (Ancef)
Mechanism of action: kill bacteria by disrupting their cell walls
Primary use: treat infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin structures, biliary tract, bones, joints, & genital infection, endocarditis, & septicemia
Prophylaxis before surgeries
Adverse effects: diarrhea, superinfections, allergic reaction, pain at the injection site (given IM or IV)
Contraindicated: allergic to PCN
Nephrotoxicity
May increase anticoagulant effect of warfarin
ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
Mechanism of action: inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
Has some susceptibility to gram (+)
Primary use: (same as cefazolin) gonorrhea, pelvic inflammatory disease, E coli, meningitis,
Adverse effects: similar to cefazolin
Cannot be in same IV line as calcium containing fluids (LR, TPN)
Use in caution if G6PD
Gallbladder pseudolithiasis
