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MMET 206 > Ceramics > Flashcards

Ceramics Flashcards

1
Q

Composition of Ceramics

A

Compounds formed between metallic and nonmetallic elements

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2
Q

Natural ceramic minerals

A

Contain oxygen ( Al2O3, ZrO2)

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3
Q

7 general qualities of ceramics

A
  1. Extreme hardness  good wear resistance
    – Ceramic coatings for cutting tools, punches, dies
    * A few microns of TiN coating extends tool life to 7 times
    longer
  2. Extreme brittleness  low impact strength
  3. High temperature resistance  high melting point
  4. Low coefficient of thermal expansion  good thermal
    stability, dimensional stability, and thermal shock resistance
  5. Low electrical and thermal conductivity  good electrical &
    thermal insulator
  6. High corrosion/chemical resistance
  7. High porosity and low density except for advance ceramics
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4
Q

Cutting tool materials

A

Cemented Carbide: WC + Co
Cermet: TiC, TiN
Most common: TiN coated WC

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5
Q

Mechanical Characteristics of Ceramics

A

Excellent compression strength
Low tensile strength
High servicable temp
Density can be adjusted thru manufacturing processes

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6
Q

Two types of Ceramics

A

Traditional: Non-technical
Advanced: Technical, Engineering, Structural

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7
Q

Traditional Ceramics

A

Silicate Ceramics
Mainly clay based, consumer products

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8
Q

Advanced Ceramics

A

Non-Silicate Ceramics
High density
High purity
Small grit size
Mostly Man-made

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9
Q

Main Silicates

A

SiO2 (Quartz)
KAlSi3O8

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10
Q

Non-Silicates

A

Oxide: Al2O3, ZrO2
Carbide: SiC, WC
Nitride: Si3N4, TiN

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11
Q

Applications of Ceramics

A

Electrical (Resistors, Capacitors, Piezoelectric Sensors)
Cutting Tools
Abrasives
Flooring
Building Materials
Carbon/Graphite
Structural Shapes
Glasses
Refractories

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12
Q

Traditional Ceramic Applications

A

Clay products
Refractories
Glasses
Cements
Abrasives

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13
Q

Trad. Raw Materials

A

Clay (silicates)

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14
Q

Size of clays

A

Minerals with particle size <= 2 micro meters

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15
Q

Clay Comp.

A

Silicon
oxygen
one or more metals

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16
Q

Earth’s crust composition of silicates

A

95% silicates
+60% quartz (SiO2) and feldspar (KAlSi3O8)

17
Q

ManuProc of Tradition Ceramics

A

1) Powder prep
2) Forming (Dry and Wet Systems)
3) Drying (Wet system only)
4) Sintering ( Firing/densification)
5) Glazing (optional)

18
Q
  1. Comminution (Powder Prep)
A

minerals crushed and grounded into powder
Rock crusher (Larger particles)
Ball Mill (Fine particles)

19
Q
  1. Forming
A

Powders mixed with water or organic binders and formed into shape
Produces Green Compacts

20
Q

Powder injection molding

A

ceramic powder containing large amounts of organic binder (no water) is injected into a mold

21
Q

Slip Casting

A

using water absorption plaster (plaster of paris)
molds with ceramic slurry

22
Q

Extrusion

A

using wet paste or clay

23
Q

Powder Pressing Methods

A

Uniaxial Pressing - Pressing powder in one direction
Cold Isostatic pressing (CIP) - powder enclosed in a rubber
envelope and pressed by fluid or gas from all directions

24
Q

Drying

A

(Wet system only)
Large dimensional change
controled temp and humidity
Machining after drying

25
Q

Sintering

A

Heating of green compact causing atomic diffusion
Reduction of porosity
Increase in mechanical strength
Presureless

26
Q

Drying

A

(Wet system only)
Large dimensional changes
controled temp and humidity
Machining after drying

27
Q

Sintering Temperature

A

50 - 90% of the melting temperature

28
Q

Glazing

A

Coating a layer of glass

29
Q

ManuProc for Advanced Ceramics

A

Same methods for traditional ceramics
Hot Pressing (HP)
Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP)

30
Q

Hot Pressing (HP)

A

Combination of sintering and uniaxial pressing
compressed in a graphite die

31
Q

Hot Isostatoc pressing (HIP)

A

Sintering in an Ar gas chamber after CIP forming
up to 2000C
40-200 MPa

32
Q

HPHT

A

Variant of HIP for making PDC cutters for drill bits
PDC = Polycrystalline Diamond Compact

33
Q

Case Study: Hot Surface Ignitor

A

Si3N4 or SiC
stove plates, oven heaters

34
Q

Case Study: Piezoelectric Ceramics

A

Composite: PZT + Epoxy
Ceramic: Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)
Quartz (SiO2)
Converts mechanical force, shock, or vibration to electric charge and vice versa.
Tire Presure Monitoring System (TPMS), Force Sensor, Ultrasonic Probe

35
Q

Case Study: Zirconia Ferrule

A

Fiber Optic Telecommunication
Zirconia (ZrO2): Toughest ceramic Material
extremely small thermal expansion coefficient

36
Q

Case Study: Ball bearings for Wind Turbine

A

Si3N4
Choice for automotive and bearing applications
High strength fracture toughness, wear resistance, thermal shock resistance

MMET 206 (3 decks)

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