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cpi > Ceramics > Flashcards

Ceramics Flashcards

1
Q

PRIMARILY CONSIST OF METALLIC
AND NONMETALLIC ELEMENTS

A

Ceramics

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2
Q

ALSO CALLED THE CLAY PRODUCTS
OR SILICATE INDUSTRIES

A

Ceramic industry

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3
Q

CERAMIC INDUSTRY ALWAYS HAVE __________ AS THEIR FINISHED MATERIAL IN A VARIETY OF PRODUCTIONS

A

SILICATES

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4
Q

Demand for materials:

A

-WITHSTAND HIGHER TEMPERATURES,
-RESIST GREATER PRESSURES,
-HAS SUPERIOR MECHANICAL PROPERTIES,
-POSSESS SPECIAL ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS,
-OFFER PROTECTION AGAINST CORROSIVE CHEMICALS

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5
Q

When and where was the discovery of oldest known ceramic artifact

A

Early 28000 BC (Paleolithic period), Brno, Czech Republic

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6
Q

Oldest known ceramic artifact

A

VENUS OF DOLNÍ VĚSTONICE

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7
Q

In this location hundreds of clays representing ice age animals was discovered

A

Czech republic

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8
Q

15000 BC

A

Burnt claywares

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9
Q

Become engage wuth the arts of ceramics (5000BC)

A

Chinese and Egyptian

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10
Q

1920

A

PURE OXIDE REFRACTORIES,
METAL-BONDED OXIDES,
CARBIDES, NITRIDES, AND BORIDES

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11
Q

1924

A

Face brick attained 2.5 billion

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12
Q

1925

A

Common brick reached 7.6 billion

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13
Q

3 main raw ingredients ceramics

A

Clay
Feldspar
Sand

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14
Q

MORE OR LESS IMPURE HYDRATED ALUMINUM
SILICATES THAT HAVE RESULTED FROM THE
WEATHERING OF IGNEOUS ROCKS SUCH AS
FELDSPAR

A

Clay

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15
Q

PRODUCED
THROUGH
THE
HYDROLYSIS OF WEATHERING REACTIONS
OF IGNEOUS ROCKS

A

Clay

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16
Q

Different clay materials:

A

KAOLINITE (AL2O3 2SIO2 2H2O)

BEIDELLITE (AL2O3 3SIO2 H2O)

MONTMORILLONITE (AL2O3 4SIO2 H2O)

HALLOYSITE (AL2O3 2SIO2 3H2O)

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17
Q

CLAYS ARE ________ AND _______WHEN SUFFICIENTLY FINELY PULVERIZED

A

Plastic
Modable

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18
Q

CLAY IS WET, RIGID WHEN IT IS BEING _________

A

AIR-DRY

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19
Q

T&F. CLAY IS VITREOUS WHEN FIRED AT A SUITABLY HIGH TEMPERATURE

A

T

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20
Q

T&F. DIFFERENT CLAY BODIES “MATURE” AT SAME TEMPERATURES

A

F(DIFFERENT)

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21
Q

TERM USED TO IDENTIFY THAT AT A SPECIFIC TEMPERATURE, CLAY CAN BE FORMULATED TO PRODUCE NEW PRODUCTS

A

Mature

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22
Q

MOST BASIC CLAY MINERAL USED IN THE CERAMIC INDUSTRY

A

Kaolinite

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23
Q

Most abundant clay mineral

A

Kaolinite

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24
Q

BASED ON
MONTMORILLONITE CLAYS

A

Bentonite clay

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25
Q

THEY ARE USED TO SOME
EXTENT WHERE VERY HIGH PLASTICITY IS DESIRED

A

Bentonite clay

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26
Q

HELPS TO ACHIEVE THE REQUIRED PARTICULAR SIZE AND SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF RAW MATERIALS

A

Benefication

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27
Q

Benefication increase the clay content while whice decreasing the content of _________

A

Quartz

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28
Q

PROCESS OF BENEFICIATION OF CLAY CONSISTS OF:

A

Unit operation

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29
Q

ADDED AS THE APPROPRIATE
ADDITIONAL AGENTS USED TO CONTROL THE COLLOIDAL PROPERTIES OF
CLAY

A

Sodium silicate and aluminum

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30
Q

GROUP OF ALUMINOSILICATE MINERALS
THAT ALSO CONTAINS CALCIUM, SODIUM
AND POTASSIUM

A

Feldspar

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31
Q

MAKES UP MORE THAN HALF OF THE EARTH’S CRUST

A

Feldspar

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32
Q

MOST COMMON MINERAL IN THE EARTH’S
CRUST

A

Feldspar

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33
Q

3 common type of feldspar

A

POTASH FELDSPAR
SODA FELDSPAR
LIME
FELDSAPR

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34
Q

MOST COMMON TYPE OF FELDSPAR

A

Potash

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35
Q

Feldslar are greate importance as

A

Fluxing constituent

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36
Q

FORMS WHEN CLAY MINERALS ARE IN CONTANCT WITH EACH OTHER AND UNDERGOES METAMORPHISM

A

Mullite

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37
Q

T&F. PRESENCE OF FLUXES TENDS TO INCREASE THE TEMPERATURE OF THE FORMATION OF MULLITE AND INCREASES THE ATTAINMENT OF THE EQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS

A

F(lower)

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38
Q

PROMOTES VITRIFICATION

A

Feldspar

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39
Q

TYPE OF MINERAL THAT NATURALLY CONSIST OF SILICA/ QUARTZ OR SIO2

A

Sand

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40
Q

Use for manufacturing light-colored ceramics

A

Sand with low iron content

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41
Q

150 TO 650°C

A

Dehydration or “chemical water smoking”

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42
Q

600 TO 900°C

A

Calcination

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43
Q

350 TO 900°C

A

Oxidation of ferrous iron and organic matter

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44
Q

900°C AND
HIGHER

A

Silicate formation

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45
Q

MOST ESSENTIAL INGREDIENT

A

Clay (in form of kaolinite)

46
Q

AS THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AMORPHOUS ALUMINA (KAOLIN) CHANGES TO 940 C, IT FORMS A CRYSTALLINE FORM CALLED

A

Gamma alumina

47
Q

AT ABOUT 1000 C, THE ALUMINA AND
SILICA COMBINE TO FORM

A

Mullite

48
Q

THE TEMPERATURE EXCEEDS TO MORE
THAN 1000 C, THE MULLITE IS
CONVERTED TO A CRYSTALLINE FORM
CALLED

A

Cristobalite

49
Q

DEGREE
OF VITRIFICATION DEPENDS UPON
THE FOLLOWING FACTORS:

A

Amount of refactories and flux oxide
Time
Temperature

50
Q

GENERIC TERM FOR CERAMIC PRODUCTS WHICH ARE USUALLY WHITE AND OF FINE TEXTURE

A

Whitewares

51
Q

SOMETIMES CALLED SEMI-VITREOUS DINNERWARE, WHICH ARE POROUS AND
NON-TRANSLUCENT WITH A SOFT GLAZE

A

Earthware

52
Q

VITRIFIED TRANSLUCENT WARE WITH A MEDIUM GLAZE THAT CAN RESIST
ABRASION TO A DEGREE AND USED FOR NONTECHNICAL PURPOSES

A

Chinaware

53
Q

INCLUDES CHEMICAL, INSULATING, AND DENTAL PORCELAIN, VITRIFIED
TRANSLUCENT WARE WITH A HARD GLAZE, AND CAN RESIST ABRASION TO
THE MAXIMUM DEGREE

A

Porcelain

54
Q

SCRATCH/DAMAGE/PILAS

A

Abrasion

55
Q

FORMERLY MADE FROM CLAY, USUALLY POROUS; HENCE, HAS VITREOUS COMPOSITION, PREFIRED AND SIZED VITREOUS GROG IS SOMETIMES INCLUDED WITH THE TRIAXIAL COMPOSITION

A

Sanitary ware

56
Q

OLDEST OF CERAMIC WARES, WAS IN USE LONG BEFORE
PORCELAIN WAS DEVELOPED

A

Stoneware

57
Q

REGARDED AS A CRUDE PORCELAIN MADE FROM
A POORER GRADE OF NOT CAREFULLY FABRICATED RAW MATERIALS

A

Stoneware

58
Q

3 line of production of porcelain:

A

Wet process porcelain
Dry process porcelain
Cast porcelain

59
Q

USED FOR PRODUCTION OF FINE-GRAINED
HIGHLY GLAZED INSULATORS FOR HIGH VOLTAGE SERVICE

A

Wet process porcelain

60
Q

PROCESS EMPLOYED FOR RAPID PRODUCTION
OF MORE OPEN-TEXTURED LOW-VOLTAGE
PIECES

A

Dry process porcelain

61
Q

NECESSARY FOR THE MAKING OF PIECES THAT
ARE EITHER TOO LARGE OR TOO INTRICATE
FOR THE OTHER TWO METHODS

A

Cast porcelain

62
Q

PLASTIC CLAY IS PRESSED INTO OR ON A SINGLE REVOLVING MOLD

A

Jigging

63
Q

PROCESS OF VITRIFICATION FOR THE PRODUCTION
OF PORCELAIN IS DONE THROUGH A

A

One fire process

64
Q

T&F. GLAZING IS NOT IMPORTANT IN THE PRODUCTION OF WHITEWARES

A

F(IMPORTANT)

65
Q

THIN COATING OF GLASS THAT IS MELTED AND IS APPLIED THE SURFACE OF THE POROUS CERAMIC WARE

A

Glaze

66
Q

2 ingredients of glazing

A

Refactory materials
Flux

67
Q

TECHNICAL TERM FOR THE FIRING OF
THE GLAZE INSIDE THE KILN

A

Glost firing

68
Q

LOW-COST BUT VERY DURABLE PRODUCTS

A

Heavy clay products

69
Q

PROCESS OF GLAZING IN SEWER PIPE
AND DRAIN TILE BY THROWING SALT UPON
THE KILN FIRE FOR IT TO REACT AND FORM THE FUSIBLE COATING OR THE GLAZE

A

Salt glaze

70
Q

COMPRISES COMMON AND FACE BRICK

A

Buliding clay

71
Q

STANDARD BRICK TYPE AND THE MOST ABUNDANTLY USED BUILDING MATERIAL IN MODERN CONSTRUCTION

A

Common bricks

72
Q

HAVE A MORE AESTHETICALLY
PLEASING APPEARANCE

A

Face bricks

73
Q

UNIFORM IN COLOR AND SMOOTHER IN TEXTURE THAN THE COMMON BRICK

A

Face bricks

74
Q

Raw materials for building bricks:

A

Red burning clay
White burning clay
Budd burning clay

75
Q

Manufacturing process for bricks:

A

Soft mud procedure
Stiff mud procedure
Dry process procedure

76
Q

CONSIST OF MOLDING THE CLAY MIXTURE CONTAINING 20 TO 30 PERCENT WATER IN
MOLDS COATED WITH A THIN LAYER OF EITHER SAND OR WATER TO PREVENT STICKING

A

Soft-mud procedure

77
Q

EMPLOYED FOR FIREBRICK AND IS THE ANCIENT METHOD FOR MAKING
BUILDING BRICKS

A

Soft-mud procedure

78
Q

WATER CONTENT IS FROM 4 TO 7 PERCENT (USUALLY THE “AS-IS” CONDITION) WHICH
MAKES THE CLAY RELATIVELY NONPLASTIC

A

Dry process procedure

79
Q

EMPLOYED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PRACTICALLY EVERY CLAY PRODUCT, INCLUDING ALL TYPES OF BRICK, SEWER PIPE, DRAIN TILE, HOLLOW TILE, FIREPROOFING, AND TERRA COTTA

A

Stiff-mud process

80
Q

The great percentage of clay product is made from

A

Stiff-mud

81
Q

Ways of drying bricks:

A

Outdoor
Shed
Tunnel drier

82
Q

PROCESS OF REMOVING AIR FROM THE PUG MIL

A

De-airing

83
Q

INCREASES THE WORKABILITY, PLASTICITY, AND’ STRENGTH OF THE UNDRIED BRICK BY REDUCING VOIDS, FOR ALL BUT A FEW CLAYS

A

De-airing

84
Q

ARE USUALLY PLACED IN THE NEUTRAL GROUP
THOUGH THEY MAY BELONG IN BOTH ACID AND BASIC GROUPS DEPENDING ON THE RELATIVE SILICA-ALUMINA CONTENT

A

Fire-clay bricks

85
Q

T&F. USUALLY ADVISABLE TO EMPLOY AN ACID BRICK IN CONTACT WITH AN ALKALINE PRODUCT OR VICE VERSA

A

F(inadvisable)

86
Q

QUALITY OR DEGREE OF HAVING MINUTE SPACES OR HOLES THROUGH WHICH LIQUID OR AIR MAY PASS

A

Porosity

87
Q

T&F. HIGHER THE POROSITY OF THE BRICK THE MORE EASILY IT IS PENETRATED BY MOLTEN FLUXES AND GASSES

A

T

88
Q

T&F. LOWEST POROSITY HAVE THE GREATEST STRENGTH, THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY, AND HEAT CAPACITY

A

T

89
Q

POINT WHERE THE MOLECULES HOLDING THEIR BONDS TOGETHER BREAK APART AND FORM A LIQUID

A

Fusion point

90
Q

Fusion point can be determined by

A

Pyrometric cones

91
Q

MEASURE HEAT-WORK, THE EFFECT OF TIME, AND TEMPERATURE

A

Pyrometric cone

92
Q

FRACTURING OF A REFRACTORY BRICK OR BLOCK DUE TO UNEVEN HEAT STRESSES OR COMPRESSION CAUSED BY HEAT

A

Spalling

93
Q

THE COMPRESSIVE OR FLEXURAL STRENGTH DETERMINED PRIOR TO FIRING

A

Cold strength

94
Q

T&F. BRICKS WITH THE LOWEST THERMAL EXPANSION AND COARSEST TEXTURE ARE THE NOT RESISTANT TO RAPID THERMAL CHANGES AND DEVELOP LESS STRAIN

A

F(resistance)

95
Q

T&F. DENSEST AND LEAST POROUS BRICKS HAVE THE HIGHEST THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

A

T

96
Q

Furnace heat capacity depends upod:

A

Thermal conductivity
Specific heat
Specific gravity

97
Q

ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTORS IS THE SIZE OF THE PARTICLES IN THE BATCH

A

Grinding

98
Q

FUNCTION IS TO DISTRIBUTE THE PLASTIC MATERIALSO AS TO THOROUGHLY COAT THE NONPLASTIC CONSTITUENTS.

A

Mixing

99
Q

PARTICULARLY SUITED FOR BATCHES THAT CONSISTS PRIMARILY OF NONPLASTIC MATERIALS

A

Dry-press method

100
Q

USED TO REMOVE THE MOISTURE ADDED BEFORE MOLDING TO DEVELOP PLASTICITY

A

Drying

101
Q

TWO IMPORTANT THINGS TAKE PLACE DURING BURNING:

A

Development of permanent bond
Development of stable minerals

102
Q

Duringburning the volme may shrink as much as

A

30%

103
Q

How many percent of refactory manufactor as nonbasic

A

95%

104
Q

MOST WIDELY USED OF ALL AVAILABLE REFRACTORY MATERIALS, SINCE THEY ARE WELL SUITED FOR A VARIETY OF APPLICATIONS

A

Fireclay bricks

105
Q

CONTAINS APPROXIMATELY 95 TO 96% SIO2 AND ABOUT 2% LIME ADDED DURING GRINDING TO FURNISH THE BOND

A

Silica bricks

106
Q

UNDERGO PERMANENT EXPANSION

A

Silica bricks

107
Q

MADE FROM MAGNESIA. CHROMITE. AND FORSTERITE

A

Basic refractories

108
Q

FROM DOMESTIC MAGNESITES OR MAGNESIA
EXTRACTED FROM BRINES

A

Magnrsia refactories

109
Q

2 type of insulating bricks

A

Backimg refactory brick
Regular refactiry brick

110
Q

ALSO KNOWN AS “PORCELAIN ENAMEL” IS A SMOOTH, GLASSY, AND DURABLE SURFACE THAT IS FUSED AT TEMPERATURES HIGHER THAN 800 C

A

Vitreous enamel

cpi (7 decks)

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