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psych 201 > ch 1-4 > Flashcards

ch 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Psychology?

A

the scientific study of behavior and the mental process

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2
Q

What is nature in the context of nature vs nurture

A

says that we behave the way that we do because of our genes and its our personality traits

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3
Q

what is nurture in the context of nature vs nurture

A

says that we act the way that we do because of the way that we were brought up

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4
Q

What is structuralism?

A

is the subjective reports of conciousness to uncover the structure of the mind

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5
Q

What is Functionalism?

A

focuses on the purpose of consciousness and behavior

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6
Q

what is a humanistic perspective?

A

We as humans are meant to grow in a positive way and get better

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7
Q

What is the cognitive perspective?

A

the study of the internal mental process

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8
Q

what is the evolutionary school of thought

A

says that behaviors and the mental process are shaped by evolution

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9
Q

what is the biological school of thought

A

says biological factors such as genes hormones and brain activity influence behavior and cognition

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10
Q

what is the sociocultural school of thought

A

says that social and cultural factors influence behavior and cognition

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11
Q

what is the biopsychosocial school of thought

A

kind of a combination between biological and sociocultural factors and taken all into account how the influence behavior and cognition.

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12
Q

say and explain the scientific method and its steps

A
  1. develop a question. 2. make a hypothesis. 3. design study and collect data. 4.analyze the data. 5.share the findings
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13
Q

What is naturalistic observation?

A

observing one in their natural life to see how they act

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14
Q

case study method

A

lots of information and studies on a smaller group

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15
Q

survey method

A

similar to a case study but on a much larger scale.

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16
Q

naturalistic observations vulnerabilities

A

it is hard to find perfect consistency in nature

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17
Q

case study vulnerabilities

A

groups are too small to prove anything

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18
Q

survey method vulnerabilities

A

possible biased responses and wording differences

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19
Q

what is the nervous system

A

a complex system of nerves that carry signals and messages to the brain and spinal cord

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20
Q

what is the endocrine system

A

a system in which messages and signals are sent via hormonal releases from glands. this triggers more biological things such as metabolism

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21
Q

what is the difference between nervous and endocrine system

A

nervous system uses electric currents and impulses to send messages. endocrine uses hormonal releases

22
Q

what are the parts of a neuron

A

cell body, dendrites, axons, nodes of Ranvier, myelin sheath, and axon terminals

23
Q

what does a dendrite do

A

receives a message

24
Q

what does the axon do

A

sends messages from the cell body to axon terminals

25
Q

what does the myelin sheath do?

A

speeds up communication

26
Q

what does the axon terminal do?

A

sends messages to other neurons

27
Q

what does the cell body do

A

nourishes the cell and holds dna

28
Q

what do the nodes of ranvier do

A

facilitates the rapid conduction of nerve impulses

29
Q

what is the CNS

A

The Central Nervous System is made up of the brain and spinal cord

30
Q

what is the PNS

A

peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that branch from the spinal cord to all areas of the body

31
Q

what is an excitatory substance

A

causes an increased likelihood that a neuron will fire

32
Q

what is an antagonist substance

A

pairs with a neuron and forces the fire

33
Q

what is action potential

A

when a cell is in resting state no particles can get in but are being pulled towards the membrane. if the neuron is stimulated by a neighbor cell then the membrane opens causing a sudden influx of positive sodium ions which causes a change of voltage

34
Q

What are the main parts of the brain

A

3 main parts are Cerebrum with is the largest
located just below the cerebrum is the cerebellum
a small stem is located on the bottom of the brain called the brain stem

35
Q

what does the cerebrum do

A

it maintains temperature and controls body movement

36
Q

what does the cerebellum do?

A

is busy planning, adjusting and executing movements of the body, the limbs and the eye

37
Q

what does the brain stem do?

A

in charge of all the functions your body needs to stay alive, like breathing air, digesting food, and circulating blood.

38
Q

what are the three types of brain scans

A

a CT is Computed tomography. MRI is a magnetic resonance imaging. or a pet scan which is positive emission tomography

39
Q

what is the difference between sensation and perception?

A

sensation is a feeling based on body and stimuli perception seems more based on past experience and memories.

40
Q

what do sensory receptors react to

A

taste touch smell hearing sight

41
Q

what is confirmation bias

A

the tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one’s existing beliefs or theories.

42
Q

what is hindsight bias

A

is when someone looks back after the facts and says thy could have predicted the outcome

43
Q

what are descriptive statistics

A

they are ways to organize and summarize data

44
Q

what is inferential statistics

A

a broad class of statistical techniques that allow inferences about characteristics of a population to be drawn from a sample of data from that population

45
Q

what is peer review

A

Peer Review is a process where academic research articles are screened by other experts in the field to catch errors and bias before publication.

46
Q

what is critical thinking

A

the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgment

47
Q

what is a vesicle

A

is a self-contained structure consisting of fluid or gas surrounded and enclosed by an outer membrane called the lipid bilayer

48
Q

what is myelination

A

an increase in the fatty sheath surrounding neuronal processes and fibers that increases the efficiency of electrical transmission.

49
Q

what is hemispherectomy

A

where half of your brain is either totally or partly removed or disconnected from the rest of the brain.

50
Q

what is neroplasticity

A

when the brain can adapt and get over missing parts to still function

51
Q

what is transduction

A

Transduction is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector

52
Q

what is absolute threshold

A

the smallest amount of sound, light, smell that can be detected by an organism

psych 201 (2 decks)

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