Ch. 1

Question 1

What is Anatomy?

Answer 1

the study of the STRUCTURES in the body

Question 2

What is Physiology?

Answer 2

the study of the functions in the body

Question 3

What is Functional Anatomy?

Answer 3

anatomy that emphasizes the structural characteristics of a body part that contribute to its function

Question 4

What is Gross Anatomy?

Answer 4

seeing structures without a microscope, describing how long body parts are, and what they look like relative to other things.
Lots of dissections

Question 5

Where is the word Anatomy derived from?

Answer 5

The Greek word “to cut apart”

Question 6

What are some of the many disciplines of anatomy?

Answer 6

• Gross anatomy
• regional anatomy
• systemic anatomy
• surface anatomy
• microscopic anatomy

Question 7

What is regional anatomy?

Answer 7

studying one area of the body (med schools)

Question 8

What is systemic anatomy?

Answer 8

Anatomy taught within systems

Question 9

What is surface anatomy?

Answer 9

looking at exterior landmarks/usually taught with regional anatomy and important for health related fields

Question 10

What is the hierarchy of structural organization?

Answer 10

Atoms, molecules, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.

1. chemical level
2. cellular level
3. tissue level
4. organ level
5. organ system level
6. organismal level

Question 11

Where are many of the anatomical terminology derived from?

Answer 11

Ancient greek and latin

Question 12

What is the anatomical position?

Answer 12

Standing straight up, feet facing foward (natural angle), palms facing fowards (anteriorly) with thumbs pointing away from the body

Question 13

Define Anterior/Posterior

Answer 13

Ventral/Dorsal

The front of an organism, organ, body part/ toward the back

Question 14

Define superior/inferior

Answer 14

closer to the head (above)/below, towards the feet (caudal)

Question 15

define proximal/distal

Answer 15

Toward the attached end of a limb, or near the origin of a structure/away from the attached end of a structure, especially a limb

Question 16

define medial/lateral

Answer 16

Toward the midline of the body/away from the body’s midline

Question 17

define superficial/deep

Answer 17

located close to the surface of the body,outer,external/ toward the inside, inner, internal.

Question 18

define ipsilateral/contralateral

Answer 18

same side/opposite sides

Question 19

Define a transverse plane

Answer 19

Cutting horizontally, creates a superior/inferior to a body or body part

Question 20

Define median plane (mid saggital)

Answer 20

cutting something into left and right parts (equal sides)

Question 21

define parasaggital

Answer 21

cutting something into right and left but not equal sides

Question 22

define oblique angle

Answer 22

cutting something at an angle usually during some kind of trauma.

Question 23

Why do we have body cavities?

Answer 23

To help us separate the organs and incase the organs within structures to protect them and give them support.
if they were not supported then the organs would just fall down due to gravity.

Question 24

What are the two main body cavities?

Answer 24

Dorsal and ventral body cavities

Question 25

What are the dorsal body cavities?

Answer 25

Cranial cavity and vertebral cavity (canal)

Question 26

What is the cranial cavity?

Answer 26

Formed by the cranial bones and contains and protect the brain.

Question 27

What is the vertebral cavity (canal)?

Answer 27

Formed by the bones of the vertebral column and contains and protects the spinal cord

Question 28

What are meninges?

Answer 28

ARE THEY A MEMBRANE? layers of protective tissue that line the cranial cavity and the vertebral canal.

Question 29

What are the ventral body cavities?

Answer 29

Thoracic and abdominal pelvic cavities

Question 30

What are the cavities in the thoracic cavities?

Answer 30

Right and left pleural cavities (right and left lung) and the mediastinum (superior and inferior parts; superior is for major vessels and tubes coming out of heat and lungs, inferior is for heart).

Question 31

What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity?

Answer 31

Skeletal muscle on the floor of the thoracic cavity called the diaphragm. When inhaling the diaphragm straightens out when exhaling goes back to its dome shape.

Question 32

What separated the abdominal and pelvic cavitites?

Answer 32

Nothing

Question 33

What is a mucous membrane?

Answer 33

membrane that secretes mucous and lines cavities that are open to the outside environment, such as the oral, nasal, vagina, anus

Question 34

Why do we have mucous membranes?

Answer 34

Mucous membranes line cavities that will dry out very easily, so we produce mucous in the cells that are lining the cavities so we can prevent some of that water from being lost and preventing that tissue from drying out.

Question 35

What are serous membranes?

Answer 35

a continuous sheet of cells that create a membrane that lines cavities and seals organs from the external environment and it’s secrete serous fluid. Examples: thoracic and abdominal pelvic regions.

Question 36

What is serous fluid and where is being secreted into?

Answer 36

Very slippery, oily substance, between the parietal and visceral serosae

Question 37

What terms are given to serosae touching the organ and touching the body wall?

Answer 37

Visceral serosa = touching the organ

Parietal serosa = touching the body wall

Question 38

What are the names of the serous membranes/cavities in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 38

Parietal/Visceral Pleura (one for each lung, left & right);Pleural cavity filled with serious fluid
Parietal/Visceral Pericardium; Pericardial cavity filled with serous fluid.

Question 39

What is the name of the serous membrane in the abdominal cavity?

Answer 39

Parietal/Visceral peritoneum; Peritoneal cavity

contains liver, stomach. kidney is retroperitoneal (not inside the peritoneum.

Question 40

What does the pelvic cavity contain?

Answer 40

The bladder, rectum, reproductive organs