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Total Wellness > Ch. 1 > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Flashcards

Assignment Discussion Forum Readings/Quiz Midterm

1
Q

Health

A

typically refers to the overall condition of a person’s body or mind and to the presence or absence of illness or injury.

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2
Q

Wellness

A
  • Expands the idea of good health to include living a rich, meaningful, and energetic life. Beyond the simple presence or absence of disease, wellness can refer to optimal health and vitality - to living life to its fullest.
  • Determined largely by the conscious decisions we make about how we live and the consequently correlated risk factors.
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3
Q

Risk Factor

A

A condition that increases your chances of disease or injury.

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4
Q

Physical Wellness

A

1) Eating Well
2) Exercising
3) Avoiding harmful habits
4) Practicing safer sex
5) Recognizing symptoms of disease
6) Getting regular checkups
7) Avoiding Injuries

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5
Q

Emotional Wellness

A

1) Optimism
2) Trust
3) Self-Acceptance
4) Self- Confidence
5) Ability to understand and accept one’s feelings
6) Ability to share feelings with others

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6
Q

Intellectual Wellness

A

1) Openness to new ideas
2) Capacity to question
3) Ability to think critically
4) Motivation to master new skills
5) Sense of humor
6) Creativity
7) Curiosity
8) Lifelong learning

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7
Q

Interpersonal Wellness

A

1) Communication Skills
2) Capacity for intimacy
3) Ability to establish and maintain satisfying relationship
4) Ability to cultivate a support system of friends and family

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8
Q

Cultural Wellness

A

1) Creating relationships with those who are different from you
2) Maintaining and valuing your own cultural identity
3) Avoiding stereotyping based on race, ethnicity, gender, religion, or sexual orientation

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9
Q

Spiritual Wellness

A

1) Capacity for love
2) Compassion
3) Forgiveness
4) Altruism
5) Joy and fulfillment
6) Caring for others
7) Sense of meaning and purpose
8) Sense of belonging to something greater than oneself

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10
Q

Environmental Wellness

A

1) Having abundant, clean natural resources
2) Maintaining sustainable development
3) Recycling whenever possible
4) Reducing pollution and waste

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11
Q

Financial Wellness

A

1) Having a basic understanding of how money works
2) Living within one’s means
3) Avoiding debt, especially for unnecessary items
4) Saving for the future and for emergencies

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12
Q

Occupational Wellness

A

1) Enjoying what you do
2) Feeling valued by your manager
3) Building satisfying relationships with coworkers
4) Taking advantage of opportunities to learn and be challenged

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13
Q

Self-Acceptance

A

Refera to one’s personal satisfaction with themselves.

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14
Q

Self-Esteem

A

Relates to the way you think others perceive you.

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15
Q

Self-Confidence

A

Incorporates both self-esteem and self-acceptance.

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16
Q

A set of guiding beliefs, principles, or values that give meaning purpose to your life, especially in difficult times. Emphasizes positivity and uses spirituality as an antidote for negative feelings.

A

Spiritual Wellness

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17
Q

Defined by the livability of your surroundings.

A

Environmental Wellness

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18
Q

Refers to your ability to live within your means and manage your money in a way that gives you peace of mind. Examples include balancing your income and expenses, staying out of debt, saving for the future, and understanding your emotions about money.

A

Financial Wellness

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19
Q

Budgeting

A

A way of tracking where your money goes and making sure you’re spending it on the things that are most important to you. Necessitates behavioral change.

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20
Q

Financial Literacy

A

Refers to ones familiarity with financial terminology.

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21
Q

APR (Annual Percentage Rate)

A

The interest you’re charged on your balance.

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22
Q

Minimum Monthly Payment

A

The smallest payment your creditor will accept each month.

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23
Q

Grace Period

A

The smallest number of days you have to pay your bill before interest or penalties are charged.

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24
Q

Over-Limit

A

The amount you will be charged if you go over your credit limit.

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25
Q

Late Fees

A

The amount you’ll be charged if your payment is late.

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26
Q

Refers to the level of happiness and fulfillment you gain from what you do with you time. Allows you to feel you are making a contribution or pursuing purpose. Involves interests, passions, and vocational skills.

A

Occupational Wellness

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27
Q

The percentage of genes that can may determine variability of lifespan.

A

Up to 25%.

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28
Q

Modifiable Behaviors + Genetic Determinants =

A

Lifespan

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29
Q

Public health achievements during the 20th century are crediting with adding more than 25 years to life expectancy for Americans, greatly improving quality of life, and dramatically reducing deaths from infectious diseases. Examples include greater roadway safety and a steep decline in childhood lead poisoning. That said, in 2016 and 2017, U.S. life expectancy declined, likely due to the _____ and _______ _________.

A

The opioid and obesity epidemics.

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30
Q

Suggestions of public health promotion advocates include:

A

1) Change Food pricing to promote healthful options
2) Limit advertising of unhealthy foods targeting children
3) Require daily physical education classes in schools.
4) Fund strategies to promote physical activity by creating more walkable communities, parks, and recreational facilities.
5) Train health professional to provide nutrition and exercise counseling, and mandate health insurance coverage for treat of obesity as a chronic condition
6) Promote the expansion of work site programs for improving diet and physical activity habits
7) Encourage increased public investment in obesity-related research

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31
Q

Morbidity Rate

A

The relative instance of disease among a population.

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32
Q

Mortality Rate

A

The number of deaths in a population in a given period; usually expressed as a ratio such as 75 deaths per 1,000 members of the population.

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33
Q

Infectious Diseases

A

A disease that can spread from person to person, caused by microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses.

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34
Q

Life Span

A

How long we live.

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35
Q

Health Span

A

How long we stay healthy and free of chronic or disabling disease.

36
Q

Chronic Diseases

A

A disease that develops and continues over a long period, such as heart disease, cancer, or diabetes.

37
Q

Lifestyle Choice

A

A conscious behavior that can increase or decrease a person’s risk of disease or injury; such behaviors include smoking, exercising, and eating a healthful diet.

38
Q

Key Contributors to Deaths among Americans - Ranked by percentage:

A

1) Diet/activity patterns
2) Tobacco
3) Microbial agents
4) Alcohol Consumption
5) Illicit Drug Use
6) Firearms
7) Motor Vehicles
8) Sexual Behavior

39
Q

Leading Causes of Death among Americans Aged 15-24, 2015:

A

1) Unintentional injuries (e.g. motor vehicle accidents)
2) Suicide
3) Homicide
4) Cancer
5) Heart Disease

40
Q

At the federal level in the United States, the _________ _________ __ ______ and the _______ ___ _______ _______ ___ __________ are charged with promoting the public’s health.

A

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are charged with promoting the public’s health.

41
Q

Health Insurance Markets, also known as health exchanges

A

Under the ACA, these venues facilitate the purchase of health insurance at the state level.

42
Q

The ACA’s 10 essential benefits of care:

A
  1. Preventative Care
  2. Outpatient Care
  3. Emergency Services
  4. Hospitalization
  5. Maternity Care
  6. Lab Tests and Services
  7. Mental Health and Substance Use Treatment
  8. Prescription Drugs
  9. Rehabilitative Services and Devices
  10. Pediatric Care
43
Q

Health Determinants

A

Factors that affect the health of individuals, demographic groups, or entire populations.

44
Q

Health Disparities

A

A health difference linked to social, economic, or environmental disadvantage that adversely affects a group of people.

45
Q

Sex

A

Refers to the biological and physical characteristics that define men, women, and intersex people.

46
Q

Gender

A

Encompasses how people identify themselves and also the roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for them.

47
Q

Diverse Health Demographics include:

A
  1. Sex and Gender
  2. Race and Ethnicity
  3. Income and Education
  4. Disability
  5. Geographic Location
  6. Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
48
Q

Factors that Influence Wellness:

A
  1. Health Habits
  2. Heredity/Family History
  3. Environment
  4. Access to Health Care
  5. Personal Health Behaviors
49
Q

Genes

A

Nucleotides, or units of hereditary, that control the production of proteins that serve both as the structural material for your body and as the regulators of all your body’s reactions and metabolic processes.

50
Q

Percentage of Americans at a Healthy Weight:

A

27.7%

51
Q

What was the date on which the ACA was signed into effect?

A

March 23rd, 2010.

52
Q

More than __ million Americans have diabetes, and __% of them don’t know it.

A

29 million; 25%

53
Q

Behavior Change

A

A lifestyle management process that involves cultivating healthy behaviors and working to overcome unhealthy ones.

54
Q

Target Behavior

A

An isolated behavior selected as the objective for a behavior change program.

55
Q

Self-Efficacy

A

The belief in your ability to take action and perform a specific task. Strategies for boosting self-efficacy include:

  1. Developing an internal locus of control.
  2. using visualization and self-talk.
  3. Role models and supportive people.
56
Q

Locus of Control

A

The extent to which a person believes he or she has control over the events in his or her life.

57
Q

The Transtheoretical Model of Change, comparable to Prochanska’s Stages of Change Model.

A

An effective approach to lifestyle management compromised of 6 stages. It is an integrative theory of therapy that assesses an individual’s readiness to act on a new healthier behavior, and provides strategies, or processes of change to guide the individual. Best conceptualized as a spiral in which people back through various stages but are farther along in the process each time they renew their commitment.

58
Q

Self-Talk

A

The internal dialogue you carry on with yourself.

59
Q

PreContemplation

A

At this stage, you think you have no problem and don’t intend to change your behavior. Progression in this stage is predicated upon:

  • Researching your behaviors.
  • Studying your personal mechanisms that may resist change (e.g. denial or rationalization).
  • Seeking social support.
  • Utilizing other resources (e.g. exercise classes or stress management workshops).
60
Q

Compared the general population, American Indians and Alaska Natives have lower death rates from:

A
  • heart disease
  • stroke
  • cancer
61
Q

Regarding American Indians and Alaska Natives, the following health disparities are of special concern:

A

Smoking, Alcohol Abuse, Cirrhosis, and Injury

62
Q

Regarding African Americans, the following health disparities are of special concern:

A
  • Stroke
  • Asthma
  • Diabetes
  • High Blood Pressure
  • Obesity
63
Q

Contemplation

A

You know you have a problem and within six months intend to do something about it.

Strategies for progression in this stage include:

  • Keeping a journal.
  • Performing cost-benefit analyzes.
  • Identifying barriers to change.
  • Engaging your emotions.
  • Creating a new self-image.
  • Learning why you engage in target behaviors.
  • Imagining life following changing a target behavior.
64
Q

African American men are at a higher risk of ________ ______ than men in other groups.

A

Prostate Cancer

65
Q

_______ _________ have higher infant mortality rates and lower rates of suicide and osteoporosis.

A

African Americans

66
Q

Preparation

A

You plan to take action with approximately one month and may have already begun to make small changes in your behavior.

Tactics for growth in this stage may involve:

  • Developing a plan (i.e. start dates, goals, rewards, and specific steps.
  • Establishing changes in priority.
  • The practice of visualization and self-talk.
  • Take small steps.
67
Q

Termination Stage

A

You have exited the cycle of change and are no longer tempted to lapse back into your old behavior. You have a new self-image and total control in regard to your target behavior.

68
Q

Maintenance Stage

A

You have maintained your new, healthier behavior for at least six months. This stage may involve lapses and could last months to years.

  • Keep going.
  • Be prepared for relapses.
69
Q

Action Stage

A

You outwardly modify your behavior and environment.

Means of maintaining commitment at this stage are:

  • Monitoring your progress (e.g. using a journal).
  • Makes changes that discourage unwanted behavior (e.g. parking farther away from the store).
  • Find alternatives to your old behavior.
  • Reward yourself.
  • Praise yourself.
  • Involve your friends.
70
Q

The 6 Transtheoretical Stages of Change

A

1) PreContemplation
2) Contemplation
3) Preparation
4) Action
5) Maintenance
6) Termination

71
Q

Developing Skills for Change

A
  1. Monitor your behavior and gather data.
  2. Analyze the data and identify patterns.
  3. Be SMART about setting goals.
  4. Devise a plan of action.
72
Q

SMART Goals

A
  1. Specific
  2. Measurable
  3. Attainable
  4. Realistic
  5. Time frame-specific
73
Q

Steps for a Plan of Action include:

A
  1. Get what you need.
  2. Modify your environment.
  3. Control related habits.
  4. Reward yourself.
  5. Involve the people around you.
  6. Plan for challenges.
74
Q

Latinos on average have lower rates of:

A
  • heart disease
  • cancer
  • suicide
75
Q

Which racial demographic has a higher infant mortality rate than the general population?

A

African Americans

76
Q

Name three diseases relatively specific to certain gene pools and their associated lineages.

A
  • Tay-Sachs disease - Eastern European Jewish heritage and French Canadian heritage
  • Sickle-cell disease - African Ancestry
  • Cystic Fibrosis - Northern Europeans
77
Q

American Indians and Alaskan Natives have lower rates of these health conditions than the general population:

A
  • Heart Disease
  • Stroke
  • Cancer
78
Q

Southeast Asian American men have…

A

higher rates of smoking and lung cancer.

79
Q

Vietnamese women have higher rates of…

A

cervical cancer.

80
Q

Asian Americans have lower rates of…

A

coronary heart disease and obesity.

81
Q

Latinos on average have lower rates of…

A

heart disease, cancer, and suicide.

82
Q

Areas of concern for Latinos include…

A

gallbladder disease, obesity, diabetes, and lack of health insurance.

83
Q

Pacific Islander Americans have higher…

A

overall death rates than the general population and higher rates of diabetes and asthma.

84
Q

Approximately 250,000 deaths a year can be attributed to…

A

low educational attainment.

85
Q

Approximately 175,000 deaths a year can be attributed to…

A

individual and community poverty.

86
Q

Approximately 120,000 deaths a year can be attributed to…

A

income inequality.

87
Q

55% of U.S. adult smokers try to quit every year, but only .% succeed.

A

7.6%

Total Wellness (2 decks)

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