ch 1 part II - the golden age of microbiology

Question 1

what is the idea of abiogenesis?

Answer 1

all lving things arise from nonliving things

Question 2

what is the idea of biogenesis?

Answer 2

all living things arise from other living things?

Question 3

which pioneers believed in abiogenesis?

Answer 3

john needham & aristole

Question 4

which pioneers believed in biogenesis?

Answer 4

fransesco redi & lazzaro spalanzani

Question 5

what was fransesco redi’s idea?

Answer 5

maggots only appear when flies lay eggs on meat

Question 6

what did john needham do?

Answer 6

• heated nutrient broth
• sealed w/ cork
• broth became CLOUDY
• “life force”

Question 7

what did lazzaro spalanzani do?

Answer 7

• heated nutrient broth for 1 hr
• sealed by melting bottle neck
• broth stayed CLEAR

Question 8

what did louis pastuer do?

Answer 8

• disproved spontaneous generation
• created swan neck flasks
• discovered that heat kills microbes
• microbes are everywhere
• pasteurization
• rabies vaccine

Question 9

what is needed for fermentation?

Answer 9

microbes

Question 10

when bacteria is fermented what is the result?

Answer 10

acid

Question 11

when yeast are fermented, what is the result?

Answer 11

alcohol

Question 12

why does fermentation not need cells?

Answer 12

edward buchaer discovered that enzymes carry out fermentation

Question 13

who discovered that germs cause diseases?

Answer 13

girolamo fracastoro bassi

Question 14

what did robert koch do?

Answer 14

• worked w/ anthrax in cattle
• 1st to prove that bacteria caused disease (koch’s postulate)

Question 15

what did ignaz semmelweis do?

Answer 15

handwashing during childbirth w/ chlorine

Question 16

what did joseph lister do?

Answer 16

antiseptic surgical technique

Question 17

what did florence knightdale do?

Answer 17

introduced antiseptic technique and hygiene in the hospital & into school of nursing

Question 18

what did john snow do?

Answer 18

infection control and epidemiology

Question 19

what did edward jenner do?

Answer 19

used cowpox material to create a vaccine for small pox, 1st VACCINE

Question 20

how does a vaccine work?

Answer 20

1. a weakened form of the disease antigen that may be dead or alive is injected into the body
2. the body creates antibodies to fight back
3. if the antigen enters again, the antibodies can fight it off

Question 21

what did paul ehrlich do?

Answer 21

• compound 606: salvarsan to treat syphilis
• “magic bullet”: selective toxicity
• chemotherapy: treatment of disease using chemicals

Question 22

what did alexander fleming do?

Answer 22

• discovered penicillin from mold Penicillium
• 1st antibotic: inhibit bacterial growth