Ch. 1 Phases and Classification of matter

Question 1

Name four physical states of matter?

Answer 1

Solid, Gas, Liquid, and Plasma

Question 2

Describe basic properties of each physical state of matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas, and Plasma

Answer 2

Solid – rigid and possess a definite shape.

Liquid – Flows and takes the shape of it’s container, except when acted upon by gravity forms a flat or slightly curved upper surface.

Gas – Takes both the shape and volume of it’s container.

Plasma – A fourth state of matter, plasma is a gaseous state of matter that contains an appreciable number of electrically charged particles. These particles impart unique properties to plasmas that justify their classification as a sate of matter.

Question 3

What is matter?

Answer 3

anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 4

What is mass?

Answer 4

Mass is a measurement of the total quantity of matter present in an object and linearly proportionate to weight.

Question 5

What is weight?

Answer 5

the force of gravity that is acting on an object which is proportionately linear to the amount of mass density.

Question 6

What is the law of conservation of matter?

Answer 6

The law of conservation of matter states that there is no detectable amount of change in the total quantity of matter when it changes from one state of matter to another, whether it be chemical or physical change of state.

Examples:
i. The mass of beer precursor materials is the same as the mass of beer produced: Sugar has become alcohol and carbon dioxide.

ii. The mass of lead, lead oxide, and sulfuric acid consumed by the production of electricity is exactly equal to the mass of lead sulfate and water that is formed.

Question 7

What is an element?

Answer 7

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical changes

Question 8

What is a compound?

Answer 8

A pure substance that can be broken down into elements.

Question 9

What is a mixture? What are two types of Mixture?

Answer 9

A combination of two or more different types of matter than can be present in varying amounts and can be separated by physical changes, such as evaporation

Two types are: Heterogeneous Mixture and Homogeneous Mixture

Question 10

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

Answer 10

A mixture with a composition that varies from point to point

Question 11

What is a homogeneous mixture?

Answer 11

A mixture that exhibits a uniform composition and appears visually the same throughout; it is also called a Solution.

Question 12

What is a pure substance?

Answer 12

Has a constant composition. All specimens of a pure substance have exactly the same makeup and properties. Pure substances may be divided into two classes; Elements and Compounds.

Question 13

What is an atom?

Answer 13

The smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element and can enter into a chemical combination

Question 14

What is a molecule?

Answer 14

Molecules are combinations of two or more of the same Atom or two or more different Atoms. All Molecules are not compounds but all compounds are molecules.

Question 15

What is a physical property?

Answer 15

A characteristic of matter that is not associated with the composition of it’s chemical.

Question 16

What is a physical change? And what are examples of physical change?

Answer 16

A change in the state of matter without affecting the identities of the chemical substances of that matter.

Examples of Physical change: Condensation, Boiling Point, Melting Point, Freezing Point, Electrical Conductivity, density, color, hardness.

Question 17

What is a chemical property?

Answer 17

behavior that is related to the change of one kind of matter into another kind of matter

Question 18

What is a chemical change? What is an example of a chemical change?

Answer 18

A change in matter that always produces one or more types of matter that differ from the matter present before the change.

Examples:
(a) Copper and nitric acid undergo a chemical change to form copper nitrate and brown, gaseous nitrogen dioxide. (b) During the combustion of a match, cellulose in the match and oxygen from the air undergo a chemical change to form carbon dioxide and water vapor. (c) Cooking red meat causes a number of chemical changes, including the oxidation of iron in myoglobin that results in the familiar red-to-brown color change. (d) A banana turning brown is a chemical change as new, darker (and less tasty) substances form.

Question 19

What is an extensive property? Give an example.

Answer 19

Properties that depends on the amount of matter present. For example the mass and volume of a substance are examples of extensive properties; a gallon of milk has a larger mass than a cup of milk. The value of an extensive property is directly proportional to the amount of matter in question.

As another example, consider the distinct but related properties of heat and temperature. A drop of hot cooking oil spattered on your arm causes brief minor discomfort, whereas a pot of hot oil yields severe burns. Both the drop and the pot of oil are at the same temperature (Intensive property), but the pot clearly contains much more heat (Extensive).

Question 20

What is an intensive property? Give an example

Answer 20

If property of a sample matter does not depend on the amount of matter present then it is an intensive property.

For example temperature. If the gallon and cup of milk are each at 20 degrees Celsius (Room temperature), when they are combined, the temperature remains at 20 degrees Celsius. As another example, consider the distinct but related properties of heat and temperature. A drop of hot cooking oil spattered on your arm causes brief minor discomfort, whereas a pot of hot oil yields severe burns. Both the drop and the pot of oil are at the same temperature (Intensive property), but the pot clearly contains much more heat (Extensive).