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Biology 1 > ch 10-13 > Flashcards

ch 10-13 Flashcards

1
Q

Interphase consist of _____________? List each phase, and give the description of each. Be able to label a drawing of the cell cycle

A

-90%

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2
Q

How do cardiac and skeletal muscle cell cycles differ to other somatic cells?

A

See drawing

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3
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

Programmed cell death

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4
Q

Complete the labeling of Mitosis and Meiosis drawing

A

see drawing

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5
Q

Nuclear division

A

Karyokinesis

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6
Q

Division of cytoplasm

A

cytokinesis

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7
Q

Mitosis produces cells that are ___________ the parental chromosome number.

A

Equal

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8
Q

What are the stages of Mitosis in order?

A

Prophase,Metaphase,Anaphase,Telophase

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9
Q

What clues are seen in prophase that shows evidence that nuclear division is about to occur?

A

The chromosomes are visible and nuclear membranes disappear

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10
Q

In mitosis duplicated chromosomes at the end of anaphase are?

A

Chromosomes pairs are separated

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11
Q

How many nuclei are produced in mitosis and meiosis?

A

Mitosis = 2 ,Meiosis =4

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12
Q

How does cytokinesis in an animal cell differ from the event occurring in a plant cell?

A

page 209-210

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13
Q

Bacteria reproduce by a process known as___________?

A

Binary fission

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14
Q

Meiosis produces cells that are __________ the parental chromosome number.

A

One half

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15
Q

When does replication occur in meiosis?

A

(S) phase in Interphase

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16
Q

What is significance of interkinesis?

A

Because its similar to interphase between mitotic division and no DNA replication is occurred

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17
Q

Chromosomes are composed of ___________ chromatids; duplicated chromosomes are composed of _________ chromatids.

A
  • 1

- 2 sister

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18
Q

_____________ requires two nuclear division, reducing the chromosome number from diploid to the haploid number.

A

Meiosis

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19
Q

What is the difference between meiosis 1 and meiosis 2

A

Meiosis one is dedicated to from 2 haploid cells from one diploid cell and Meiosis 2 is meant to split the sister chromatids in the haploid cell creating four daughter cells.

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20
Q

What are double stranded chromosomes called?

A

Diploid

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21
Q

What are single stranded chromosomes called?

A

Haploid

22
Q

The fusion of chromosome paris at the start of meiosis

A

Synapsis

23
Q

When does synapsis occur?

A

Prophase 1

24
Q

The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.

A

Crossing over

25
Q

Crossing over occurs between ________?

A

Non sister chromatids

26
Q

What is the significance of crossing over?

A

It is proportional to the distance

27
Q

What are the outcomes of meiosis 2?

A

Total of four haploid gametes, each with a haploid set of chromosomes produced in the end.

28
Q

What determines the completion of Oogenesis?

A

When the sperm enters secondary oocyte.

29
Q

What does sexual reproduction include?

A

Fertilization and Meiosis

30
Q

What is the significance of a gene locus?

A

Location of alleles on homologous chromosomes

31
Q

One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

A

Alleles

32
Q

_________ refers to a pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive.

A

Heterozygous

33
Q

___________ is when you have a pair of matching alleles

A

Homozygous

34
Q

The expressed traits of an individual are determined by the presence of or the absence of ___________ alleles.

A

Dominant

35
Q

The genetic constitution of an individual organism.

A

Genotype

36
Q

The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

A

Phenotype

37
Q

What kind of allele shows?

A

Dominant

38
Q

What kind of allele doesn’t show?

A

Recessive

39
Q

What are the 3 Laws of Segregation?

A
  • Each organisms contains two factors for each trait
  • Factor segregate in the formation of gametes
  • Each gamete contains one factor for each trait
40
Q

Determine the gametes formed from a given genotype.

BbTTEeCC

A

4

41
Q

State the Law of Independent Assortment.

A

States that members of one pair of factors assort independently of members of another pair, and that all combinations of factors occur in gametes.

42
Q

What is the male and female genotype?

A

XY-male XX-female

43
Q

Who determines the sex of the child?

A

Male

44
Q

The failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally during nuclear division.

A

Nondisjunction

45
Q

________ refers to a singe gene on a x chromosome.

A

Sex linked genes

46
Q

_________ refers to two or more genes on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together.

A

Linked genes

47
Q

The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes map.

A

Karyotype

48
Q

What are the 3 statements of Mutation Inheritance.

A

Usually recessive, usually lethal, occurs randomly

49
Q

____________ is a chromosome abnormality caused by rearrangement of parts between non homologous chromosomes.

A

Translocation

50
Q

_________ is the breaking of a chromosome in two places and the subsequent reordering reinsertion of the chromosome DNA.

A

Inversion

51
Q

_________ is the part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is lost during DNA replication.

A

Deletion

Biology 1 (8 decks)

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