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Pharmacology > Ch. 10 > Flashcards

Ch. 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Herb

A

plant or plant part valued for its medicinal, savory, or aromatic qualities.

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2
Q

Phytomedicine

A

(medicine derived from plants) relates to several factors including dosage, potency, and purity.

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3
Q

What are 2 types of herbal monographs?

A

Therapeutic and qualitative

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4
Q

Therapeutic monographs

A

contain information on use, dosage, side effects, and contradictions.

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5
Q

Qualitative monographs

A

have information on areas such as compliance with compounding guidelines and standards of purity.

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6
Q

The dietary supplement health and education act of 1994

A

clarified marketing regulations for herbal remedies.

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7
Q

Current Good Manufacturing Practices

A

these standards are multifaceted and require that package labels give quality and strength of all products be free of contaminates and impurities.

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8
Q

Dired herbals

A

are fresh herbs that have had the moisture removed by sun or heat.

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9
Q

Extracts

A

are made by isolating certain components, resulting in more reliable dosing.

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10
Q

Fresh herbs

A

may decay after a few days because of the enzyme activity.

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11
Q

Oils

A

are made by soaking dried herb in olive or vegetable oil and then heating for an extended time.

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12
Q

Salves

A

semisolid fatty preparations, are made by melting a wax in oil (or crushing the herb and then mixing it in petroleum jelly base) and allowing it to cool and harden.

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13
Q

Teas

A

are made by steeping fresh or dried herbs in boiling water.

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14
Q

Tinctures

A

are commonly made by soaking fresh or dried herbs in a solvent such as water or alcohol.

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15
Q

Syrups

A

are made by adding a sweetener, usually honey or sugar, to the herb and then cooking it.

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16
Q

The dietary supplement health and education act of 1994 (DHSEA) accomplished which actions?

A
  1. Clarified margeting regulations
  2. Reclassified herbs as dietary supplements
  3. stated that herbal products can be marketed with suggested dosages.
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17
Q

The nurse discovers her client has recently decided to take four herbal preparations. What is the best nursing intervention to do first?

A

Instruct the client to inform the health provider of all products taken.

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18
Q

Labeling of herbal products is important. Which is an appropriate claim for an herbal product?

A

Helps increase blood flow to extremities.

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19
Q

Which herbal products interfere with the action of anticoagulants (select all that apply?)

A

a.aloe and cranberry
b.feverfew and dong quai
c.garlic and ginger
d. ginko and licorice
RIGHT ANSWER IS B, C ,D .

20
Q

The client has multiple prescription medications an takes an herbal product. Which is a serum antagonist typically used for relief of migraine headaches?

A

feverfew

21
Q

Name the client responsibility considering herbs?

A
  1. Consult with the health care provider before taking any herbal preparation.
  2. report all herbal preparations taken to all health care providers.
  3. inform health care providers of any allergy or sensitivity to any herbal products.
22
Q

Herb: BILBERRY

A

standardized concentration of active ingredient: 25% anthanocyanosides

23
Q

Herb: FEVERFEW

A

0.2% parthenolide

24
Q

Herb: GINKO BILOBA

A

24% flavone glycosides; 6% terpene lactones

25
Q

Herb: GOLDENSEAL

A

8-12% alkaloid

26
Q

Herb: HAWTHORN

A

20% procyanidins

27
Q

Herb: St. John’s wort

A

0.13% -30% hypericin

28
Q

Herb: SAW PALMETTO

A

85-95% fatty acids

29
Q

Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis)

A

The juice is used externally for treatment of minor burns, insect bites and sunburn. Fresh leaves are most effective. Success with dandruff, oily skin, psoriasis. Internally- powerful laxative, menstrual flow is increased with small doses.

30
Q

Black Cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa)

A

supplement used to treat hot flashes, palpitations, irritability, (short-term menopausal symptoms; short-term use is recommended). it potentiates effects on insulin, oral hypoglycemics and antihypertensive drugs.

31
Q

Chamomile (Matricaria recutita)

A

Dried flower heads of Matricaria recutita are ingredients of a popular tea for relief of digestive and gastrointestinal (GI) complaints. Relief of irritable bowel syndrome. may also have sedative effects.

32
Q

Dong Quai (Angelica sinensis)

A

An all purpose woman’s tonic herb, popular in japan and china, for treatment on menstrual cramps and to regulate menstrual periods.

33
Q

Echinacea (Echinacea angustifolia)

A

a popular oral and topical supplement, used as a immune enhancer.

34
Q

Evening primrose (Oenothera biennia)

A

a native North American biennial plant. Oil in seeds contains (GLA), a fatty acid believed to help prevent cirrhosis, eczema, premenstrual syndrome, hypertension, hardening of the arteries, heart disease. Lowering cholesterol and relieving pain, and inflammation.

35
Q

Ferverfew (Tanacetum/Chrysantheum parthenium)

A

The plant compound is believed to inhibit platelet aggregation and act as a serotonin antagonist in meditating vascular headaches. Popular for prophylaxis and for relief of migraine headaches & accompanying nausea and vomiting. (postfeverfew syndrome-fatigue,headache,joint pain, nervousness)

36
Q

Garlic (Allium sativum)

A

garlic called “herb of endurance”, lowers cholesterol and triglyceride levels, decrease blood pressure, and reduce the clotting capability of blood. Acts as an antibiotic to treat infections and wounds both internally and externally. can be used to treat earaches.

37
Q

Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

A

Boosts the immune system. Used to treat headache, migraine, stomach problems, and digestive disorders, motion sickness. Relief of nausea. Relief from swelling, pain, stiffness of both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis- 500 mg- 4000 mg)

38
Q

Ginko (Ginko biloba)

A

Extract of one of the oldest plants, effects the CNS system; increasing cerebral arterial dilation, and uptake of oxygen and glucose.

39
Q

Ginseng (Panax ginseng)

A

short-term relief of stress to boost energy and give digestive support. Supports immune system, assists in prevention of chronic infections.

40
Q

Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis)

A

frequently used with echinacea to ward off infection and promote wound healing. Common uses include treatment of GI ulcers, mouth ulcers, bladder infection, eye and skin irritation and postpartum hemorrhage. Can be toxic if overused.

41
Q

Kava (Piper methysticum)

A

pacific island cultures, the root promotes sleep and muscle relaxation and is an antipileptic, antidepressant, and antipsychotic. Also promotes wound healing. Can be combined with valerian and St.John’s wort for relaxation.

42
Q

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)

A

Licorice may have physiological effects similar to aldosterone and corticosteroids related to glycyrrhizin. May help with chronic fatigue syndrome.

43
Q

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum)

A

This herbal extract has the remarkable ability to prevent damage to liver cells and stimulate regeneration of liver cells. Used widely in Europe to treat hepatitis, cirrhosis, and fatty liver associated with drugs and alcohol.

44
Q

Peppermint (Mentha piperita)

A

stimulates appetite and aids in digestion when taken initially. Used in the treatment of bowel disorders.

45
Q

Sage

A

Sage tea is used as an aid for sore throat and cough; it may also be used as gargle to decrease inflammation of mouth,gums, and throat.

46
Q

St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum)

A

Not effective for severe depression only mild depression.

47
Q

Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens)

A

relieves symtoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy and urinary conditions.

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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