Ch. 12 Emotions, Stress, and Health Flashcards
What are emotions, and the 3 components of them?
Emotions are adaptive responses that support survival. The three components include: 1) Bodily Arousal 2) Expressive Behaviours 3) Conscious Experiences
Which Theory states that Arousal comes before emotion, and that common sense tells most of us that we cry because we are sad and that we lash out because we are angry etc.. So basically first comes the conscious awareness and then you experience the feeling.
James-Lang Theory
Which Theory states that Arousal and Emotion occur simultaneously and proposed a disagreement with the James-Lang Theory, this Man States that Aside from James that the heart rate, perspiration, and body temperature–are too similar and change too slowly to cause these different emotions, but that our bodily responses and experienced emotions occur separately but simultaneously so for example; “my heart started pounding as I experienced fear. The emotion-triggering stimulus travelled to my sympathetic nervous system, causing my body’s arousal, and at the same time, it travelled to my brains cortex, causing my awareness of my emotion. My pounding heart did cause my feeling of fear, nor did my feeling of fear cause my pounding heart
Cannon-Bard Theory
Which theory states that Arousal + Label = Emotion, so to experience emotions, must we consciously interpret and label them? This Theory believes that an emotional experience requires a conscious interpretation of arousal, so our physical reactions and our thoughts together create emotion. Emotions have two ingredients and they are: physical arousal and cognitive appraisal. Included in this is the spillover effect which is arousal from a soccer match can fuel anger, which can descend into rioting or other violent confrontations.
Schachter and Singer Two-Factor Theory
These 3 studied the idea that does cognition always precede emotion? They contended that we actually have many emotional reactions part from, or even before, our interpretation of a situation. Perhaps you recall liking something or someone immediately, without knowing why. Our brain processes vast amounts of information without our conscious awareness, and that some emotional responses do not require conscious thinking, so for example simple likes, dislikes, and fears-involve no conscious thinking. Highly emotional people are intense partly because of the way they interpret different things, they may personalize events as being somehow directed at them, and they may generalize their experiences by blowing single incidents out of proportion.
Zajonc, LeDoux, and Lazarus: Does Cognition Always Precede Emotion?
Explain Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System
- The arousal component of emotions is regulated by the ANS’s Sympathetic (arousing) and Parasympathetic (calming) divisions.
- In a crisis, the fight or flight response automatically mobilized the body for action.
- Arousal affects performance in many different ways, depending on the task.
- Performance peaks at lower levels of arousal for difficult tasks, and at higher levels for easy or well learned tasks..
- Like a crisis control centre the ANS arouses the body in a crisis and calms it when danger passes.
Explain Emotional Arousal
Emotional Arousal is the idea that elated excited and panicky fear involve similar physiological arousal. That allows us to flip rapidly between the two emotions.
Explain the physiology of emotions
- Brain Scans and EEG’s reveal different brain circuits for different emotions
- Depression and general negativity: right frontal lobe activity
- Happiness, enthusiastic, and energized: Left frontal lobe activity
Detecting emotions in others
- People can often detect non-verbal cues and threats and signs of status.
- Non-threatening cues more easily detected than deceiving expressions
- Gestures, facial expressions, and voice tones are absent in written communication
- in absence of expressive emotion, ambiguity can occur.
How many distinct emotions are there according to Izard? and what are they?
10; Joy, interest-excitement, surprise, sadness, anger, disgust, contempt, fear, shame, and guilt
Two dimensions that help differentiate emotions are
Positive versus negative valence, and low versus high arousal
An emotional release that releases aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.
Catharsis
- With threat or challenge, fear triggers flight but anger triggers fight—each at times an adaptive behavior.
- Anger is most often evoked by misdeeds that we interpret as willful, unjustified, and avoidable.
- Smaller frustrations and blameless annoyances can also trigger anger.
Causes of Anger
-Feel-good, do-good phenomenon:
People’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood
-Subjective well-being
-Self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life
Used along with measures of objective well-being to evaluate people’s quality of life
Happiness
What is positive psychology
The scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive.
