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Physiological psych > Ch 13 - Intelligence And Cognitive Functioning > Flashcards

Ch 13 - Intelligence And Cognitive Functioning Flashcards

1
Q

Gray and white matter correlate to what

A

An individuals IQ

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2
Q

Gray matter volume is located where?

A

Particularly in the frontal areas

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3
Q

Brain organization

A

Thicker cortex and smaller columns

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4
Q

IQ scores correlate with what?

A

Processing efficiencies

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5
Q

Higher IQ scores means that a person must have what?

A

Higher myelination, a faster transfer to long term storage and less energy usage during a task

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6
Q

Linguistic tasks take place where?

A

Left frontal and temporal lobes

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7
Q

Logical and mathematical abilities take place where?

A

Left prefrontal cortex for tote calculation and parietal cortex during active calculation

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8
Q

Spatial abilities take place where?

A

The right parietal structures

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9
Q

Exposure to chemicals causes what?

A

Problems in intellectual function

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10
Q

After what age does perceptual speed drop?

A

After 25

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11
Q

At what age does numeric memory drop?

A

At 60

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12
Q

Default mode network is responsible for what?

A

Preparedness for action which decreased with age

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13
Q

At what age do limitations in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior originate?

A

Before the age of 18

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14
Q

The criteria for intellectual disability are an IQ below what?

A

Below 70 and difficulty meeting routine needs (self care)

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15
Q

What is the reasoning for most disability cases?

A

Genetic and environmental causes

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16
Q

What are examples of causes for a mental disability?

A

Disease during infancy or prenatal exposure to viruses and maternal alcoholism

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17
Q

Intellectual Disability (ID)

A

A limitation in intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, problem solving etc)

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18
Q

Down syndrome (extra 2- chromosome)

A

The leading genetic cause of intellectual disability

19
Q

When an individual has Down syndrome their glia secrets _________

A

Two proteins less that support neuron survival

20
Q

What would be an effective treatment in women with DS?

A

Increasing proteins

21
Q

Fragile X Syndrome

A

Mutated fMRI gene, role in pruning excess synapses

22
Q

Fragile X Syndrome is more likely in males

A

True

23
Q

PKU

A

Lacks enzyme that breaks down phenylalanine (amino acid)

24
Q

What prevents intellectual impairment

A

Avoidance of high phenylalanine foods

25
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A

Social deficits, communication difficulties and repetitive behaviors

26
Q

Individuals with ASD struggle due to what?

A

Having impaired communication, imagination and socialization

27
Q

ASD is higher in women

A

False

28
Q

Lack of Theory of Mind in ASD individuals

A

Infer another’s thoughts bad on experience

29
Q

Lack of Empathy in ASD individuals

A

Occurs due to deficient mirror neurons

30
Q

ASD have problems doing what?

A

Looking at faces and tracking objects

31
Q

Fluid intelligence goes down after what age?

A

30

32
Q

Crystallized intelligence is continuously going up?

A

True

33
Q

Individuals with ASD have abnormal levels of what?

A

Serotonin, glutamate, GABA and oxytocin

34
Q

Siblings of ASD children are how many times more likely to develop the disorder?

A

25x

35
Q

Absence of genes in frontal and temporal cortices of ASD individuals indicate what?

A

A possible epigenetic influence

36
Q

ASD is twice as common in boys

A

True

37
Q

Savant

A

A person who has one or more remarkable skills while overall functioning is below normal

38
Q

ADHD is characterized by?

A

Impulsiveness, inability to sustain attention, learning difficulty and hyperactivity

39
Q

What intellectual disability is over diagnosed?

A

ADHD

40
Q

Reducing the dopamine pathway does what?

A

Impairs reward response

41
Q

Ritalin (stimulant)

A

Increase norepinephrine output to the prefrontal cortex

42
Q

Can ADHD improve?

A

Yes

43
Q

What percentage does heritability avg in ADHD individuals?

A

76%

44
Q

Early ADJD drug treatment might prevent what?

A

Later substance abuse

Physiological psych (2 decks)

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