Ch. 13 The brain Flashcards
What is the cerebrum?
The larges part of the brain; has prominent folds and grooves on outer surface.
What is the cerebellum?
Second largest part of the brain; inferior to the posterior part of the cerebrum.
What is the diencephalon?
main parts include the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus.
What is the brain stem?
Main parts include the midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata (the MO is continuous with the spine)
What is a neural tube?
its how a brain develops from an embryo
What are the 3 types of neural tube?
Forebrain - cerebrum and diencephalon develop from here
Midbrain - midbrain including cerebral peduncle, corpora quadrigemina develop from here
hindbrain - cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata develop from here
What are the two cerebral hemispheres separated by? (what splits the brain into left/right sides)
the longitudinal fissure
What are the 5 lobes of the brain?
The frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, and insula lobe.
Where is the frontal lobe located and what functions does it have?
the front part of the brain. named after the frontal bone that covers it.
precentral gyrus for motor function
Where is the parietal lobe located and what functions does it have?
posterior to the frontal lobe and central sulcus; contains postcentral gyrus for general sensory function.
Where is the occipital lobe located and what functions does it have?
posterior to the parietal lobe; functions in vision
Where is the temporal lobe located and what functions does it have?
Inferior to the frontal and parietal lobes and lateral sulcus; functions in hearing and smell
What is the insula lobe?
deep to where the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes come together; functions in taste
What are cerebral white matter tracts?
groups of neurons/fibers that are functionally related
what are the 3 types of white matter tracts?
Association tract - connects different parts of the cerebrum in the same hemisphere
Commissural tracts - connects different parts of cerebrum in opposite sides of the brain; includes corpus callosum
Projection tracts - 2 types - sensory from thalamus to cerebral cortex; motor from cerebral cortex to spinal cord
What are the lateral ventricles of the brain?
2 large CSF (cerebral spinal fluid) filled cavities within cerebral white matter.
